Land Law - Dimensions of land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Land Law - Dimensions of land - Essay Example The corporeal and noncorporeal components are known as realty to distinguish it from personalty. The latter being personal or movable property (Gray & Gray 2007). Thus in the eyes of law land is a multidimensional asset as discussed below. The first two dimensions of land: it is a two dimensional piece of earth with defining contours, features and limits of jurisdiction. Which is recognised by the registrars, conveyancers, surveyors and ramblers. However this definition too does not takes into account the low water mark area in the coastline. The three mile territorial area including water constitute land. However , even outside this three mile limit the channel tunnel subsoil upto the middle of English channel is called land (Channel tunnel act 1987). Thus land includes land covered with water as well (Gray & Gray 2007). 4-5The third dimension of land: A Latin maxim says that the one who owns land owns the heaven above it and the earth deep down to the centre. It certainly indicated three-dimensional nature of land but lacks practical wisdom. The indefinite extension of territory of land would mean an airplane passing over it causes trespass. Still some three-dimensional characteristics is to be accepted for land in statutory definition. A land can be held above surface and may be divided horizontally. Thus different owners can hold the titles of the land each holding a stratum of cubic surface above or below the surface layer of the earth (Gray & Gray 2007). The components of these three dimensions are (Wilkie 2006; Gray & Gray 2007; Dixon 2005): The word 'hereditament' in law means nature of right involved in ownership of land. land law is all about-not just the land (the soil, the grass, the trees, the buildings), but the rights that people may have in land. Thus, land is to be reclassified as including corporeal and incorporeal hereditaments. Ownership of land may equally include ownership of a house and ownership of a right of way over someone else's house (an incorporeal hereditament). The land law may be viewed from corporeal and incorporeal rights or by distinction between fixtures and chattels. The fee simple owner's right of air space: The owner's rights extend to such a height as is reasonably necessary for the ordinary use and enjoyment of the land. In Baron Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews and General Ltd [1978] QB 479, Griffith J stated that it was necessary to balance the rights of an owner to enjoy the land against the rights of the general public to take advantage of all that 'science now offers in the use of airspace'. Where there is an interference with the legitimate rights of the fee simple

Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Foods Essay The topic of genetically modified foods is one that is hotly debated, but the problem is that the phrase GMO is very broad and encompasses techniques and modifications to food that you potentially should and shouldnt be concerned about. At this point in time there doesnt seem to be an overt benefit or risk to consuming GMO foods. According to the FDA, the big three GMO foods are soybeans, corn, and canola. But the FDA has also evaluated the safety of genetic modifications to flax, tomatoes, potatoes, cantaloupe, alfalfa, creeping bentgrass, papaya, sugar beets, wheat, squash, radicchio, and plums. The FDA lists consultations on GMO foods and what was genetically modified in the food to warrant the safety consultation on its website. GMOs, or â€Å"genetically modified organisms,† are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other plants and animals. These experimental combinations of genes from different species cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding. The world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come. GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways: Pest Resistance: Crop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastating financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. Farmers typically use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off of agricultural wastes from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers can poison the water supply and cause harm to the environment. Growing GM foods such as B. t. corn can help eliminate the application of chemical pesticides and reduce the cost of bringing a crop to market. Herbicide tolerance: For some crops, it is not cost-effective to remove weeds by physical means such as tilling, so farmers will often spray large quantities of different herbicides (weed-killer) to destroy weeds, a time-consuming and expensive process, that requires care so that the herbicide doesnt harm the crop plant or the environment. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one very powerful herbicide could help prevent environmental damage by reducing the amount of herbicides needed. For example, Monsanto has created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be not affected by their herbicide product Roundup. A farmer grows these soybeans which then only require one application of weed-killer instead of multiple applications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off. Disease resistance There are many viruses, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases. Plant biologists are working to create plants with genetically-engineered resistance to these diseases. Cold Tolerance: Unexpected frost can destroy sensitive seedlings. An antifreeze gene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally would kill unmodified seedlings. Drought tolerance/salinity tolerance: As the world population grows and more land is utilized for housing instead of food production, farmers will need to grow crops in locations previously unsuited for plant cultivation. Creating plants that can withstand long periods of drought or high salt content in soil and groundwater will help people to grow crops in formerly inhospitable places. Nutrition:Malnutrition is common in third world countries where impoverished peoples rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet. However, rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary nutrients to prevent malnutrition. If rice could be genetically engineered to contain additional vitamins and minerals, nutrient deficiencies could be alleviated. For example, blindness due to vitamin A deficiency is a common problem in third world countries. Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Plant Sciences have created a strain of golden rice containing an unusually high content of beta-carotene (vitamin A). Since this rice was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, a non-profit organization, the Institute hopes to offer the golden rice seed free to any third world country that requests it. Plans were underway to develop a golden rice that also has increased iron content. However, the grant that funded the creation of these two rice strains was not renewed, perhaps because of the vigorous anti-GM food protesting in Europe, and so this nutritionally-enhanced rice may not come to market at all. GMO is essentially the next evolution of crossbreeding. Common ingredients derived from GMO risk crops are; Amino Acids, Aspartame, Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Ascorbate, Vitamin C, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Ethanol, Flavorings (â€Å"natural† and â€Å"artificial†), High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein, Lactic Acid, Maltodextrins, Molasses, Monosodium Glutamate, Sucrose, Textured Vegetable Protein (TVP), Xanthan Gum, Vitamins, Yeast Products. These ingredients are found in almost all the foods and snacks that we consume everyday and feed to our growing children. The notations above are just some examples of how GMOs could be helpful to our crops, but there are also risks as well. There is a growing body of evidence connects GMOs with health problems, environmental damage and violation of farmers’ and consumers’ rights. Grass roots organizations have been crying foul since GMOs were first introduced into the food system approximately 20 years ago. Many people believe the consumption of GMOs may contribute to serious health issues. In fact, recent studies raise serious concerns about the safety of GMOs and show they may contribute to the following conditions: Intestinal Disorders: An Australian study recently claimed that pigs fed genetically modified (GM) soy and corn displayed a 32 percent rate of severe stomach inflammation whereas pigs not fed a GMO diet only showed 12 percent. Infertility: A study performed at the University of Vienna showed that mice fed GM corn over a period of twenty weeks had impaired fertility. In addition, some of the offspring of the mice displayed decreased weight. Kidney and Liver Issues: The International Journal of Biological Sciences offers a study that showed certain varieties of GM corn to have a negative impact on kidney and liver function. As a result, the study concluded that some GM varieties may contribute to hepatorenal toxicity. Increased Allergies: While its hard to pinpoint the source of any food allergy, there is concern that new proteins in GM soy and corn crops might increase their frequency. Organ Toxicity: An abstract from the National Institutes of Health (PubMed) indicates that studies show most GM foods cause some form of toxicity to certain organs such as the pancreas, kidneys, and reproductive organs and also show hematological, biochemical, and immunological factors. They go on to mention that major studies over many years will be required in order to support these findings. GMO is essentially the next evolution of crossbreeding. Common ingredients derived from GMO risk crops are; Amino Acids, Aspartame, Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Ascorbate, Vitamin C, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Ethanol, Flavorings (â€Å"natural† and â€Å"artificial†), High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein, Lactic Acid, Maltodextrins, Molasses, Monosodium Glutamate, Sucrose, Textured Vegetable Protein (TVP), Xanthan Gum, Vitamins, Yeast Products. These ingredients are found in almost all the foods and snacks that we consume everyday and feed to our growing children. If the risk of consuming GMOs are overall harmful to the human bodies; then all food containing ANY GMOs should be labeled specifically. This way each consumer is aware of that they are ingesting for their own personal health concerns or lifestyle. http://www. shape. com/healthy-eating/diet-tips/ask-diet-doctor-gmo-foods http://www. nongmoproject. org/learn-more/ http://touch. organicauthority. com/organicauthority/#! /entry/8-reasons-gmos-are-bad-for-you,516d81d0d7fc7b5670b377dc http://organic. lovetoknow. com/Why_GMOs_Are_Bad.

Cocaine :: essays research papers

Cocaine Early on in his career, Eric Clapton seemed to have a difficult time sticking to one band. He played with the Yardbirds, John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, Blind Faith, Delaney & Bonnie & Friends, and Cream. But throughout all the time he spent with each of those bands, no solo work was ever thought of until 1970. It was in 1970 that Clapton launched his solo career with his self-titled debut album. His first album had only one real hit, so to speak, with â€Å"After Midnight,† but is still regarded as one of his better works. Many felt that it was more of a D&B&F album,that merely featured Clapton on guitar. This was due to the amount of time he had been spending with the group, after he went â€Å"solo.† Before his debut album was ever released, Clapton had formed a band with some of the D&B&F members called Derek and the Dominos. He played with them for most of 1970. In 1971 and 1972, Clapton was not heard from, at least not musically, as he was battling a heroin addiction that cut two years out of his early work. But, on January 13, 1973, Clapton stormed back with a live performance at the Rainbow Theatre in London. That spawned his next record, â€Å"Eric Clapton’s Rainbow Concert,† which, obviously, featured live performances. It wasn’t until a few months later, in 1974, when Clapton had a substantial solo career, with the release of â€Å"461 Ocean Boulevard.† That record had the number one single, â€Å"I Shot the Sheriff,† which is still a popular song to this day. In 1975 and 1976, Clapton released three records, as follow-ups to â€Å"461 Ocean Boulevard.† â€Å"There’s One in Every Crowd,† â€Å" E.C. Was Here,† (live) and â€Å"No Reason to Cry,† respectively, had no where near the success of his previous album. But, thankfully, in 1977, Clapton released â€Å"Slowhand,† which had mega-hits with â€Å"Lay Down Sally,† â€Å"Wonderful Tonight,† (which was a million seller) and â€Å"Cocaine.† Originally written by country-rocker J.J. Cale (who also wrote â€Å"After Midnight†), â€Å"Cocaine† was a bluesy-soul-rock song that, essentially, was about what Cocaine can do for you, and gave tips about what to do while high on Cocaine. If you wanna hang out you’ve got to take her out; cocaine. If you wanna get down, down on the ground; cocaine. She don’t lie, she don’t lie, she don’t; cocaine. If you got bad news, you wanna kick them blues; cocaine.

Baby Boomers Effect on Health Care Essay

As the baby boomer generation begins to reach retirement age, there has been much speculation as to what affect they will have on the health care industry. The baby boomer generation is the group of people born between 1946 and 1964. At one point, there were more than 76 million of them, of which 4 million died before 2000. With all this in mind, I will discuss what specific effects they will have now they are getting to that â€Å"elderly† stage. One word used by many people when they describe how the baby boomers will affect health care is apocalyptic. We all know that elderly people have to see the doctor quite frequently as their bodies start to deteriorate and begin to not work as well as it did when they were younger. It is believed that with this many people needing that much attention from the health care providers that the younger generations could face permanent inflation or high taxes and very possibly it could be both. Others believe that it will put such a strain on the insurance providers that the amount of coverage for everyone is going to be dropped as well. Another group of people think that with the cost of Medicare (government run insurance for those 65 and older) skyrocketing, the national debt will reach a point of no return. Why will all of this happen, you wonder? As mentioned before, elderly people have to see the doctor a lot more frequently than younger people. When the average generation holds about 60-65 million people, adding nearly 20 million more to that all at once is quite a large amount. Let’s put it this way. A computer can only hold so much memory. When it begins to store so much information on it, then it begins to slow down and not run as efficiently and needs more ram put in it. If too much is put on to it at once, then it could fry the system and become broken. The health care industry is the same way. The amount of organizations and providers can only hold so much. When there are less people using it, the more efficiently it works. The more and more that are crammed on it, the slower things work and the less effective and expensive it can become. In the baby boomers case, there are a lot of people that are going to be cramming the system. The costs are going to skyrocket as a result. There are a couple particular challenges that we will arise with the baby boomers. The first will be the cost of prescription medication. According to Dr. Woody Eisenberg, M. D. , vice president and chief medical officer for Medicare for Medco Health Care solutions in Franklin Lakes, NJ, baby boomers were the first generation to use medications as a preventative measure. Therefore they are used to taking medication and their bodies are accustomed to doing so. They have also had the privilege of all of the medical advances that have come about in the last 50 years that other generations haven’t. According to the Edlin, M. (2013) website, by 2015, the baby boomers will add nearly 19% to the population that falls into the 50-60 year old age groups. That is a staggering number. Another challenge that faces the health care industry is the long term health care program. The English, M. (2013) website says that by the year 2020, 12 million people will need long term care. With the baby boomers coming along, that number will surely increase. Providers will need to hire more long term care nurses as well as more doctors. The more people they have to hire, the higher the cost of the service because they have to make up the extra expense one way or another. Another issue facing this generation would have to be the incidents of chronic disease. While the average life expectancy was 48 years old in the early 1900’s, the now life expectancy is up to 78, nearly double. With that in mind, there are also more people with chronic disease. Many of these diseases, though, are preventable, but due to some poor lifestyle choices made during their life span, it is inevitable that that number will increase. The effects of smoking and drinking are a major part of that. Part of this is the decrease in the number of primary care physicians and pension plans that are disappearing due to the economy. That means there is a smaller number of doctors and smaller amounts of funds to take care of these. If there will be an evolution in this, there must be new models of management of these illnesses as well. This includes the delivery of innovative services through Medicare and private sector plans. â€Å"Transformative changes are particularly critical for the baby boomer generation, of which nearly two-thirds (35 million people) have at least one chronic health condition,† (Blumenthal, S. 2013). Another thing about this particular generation is that they are technology savvy. While things like the internet were not around when they were little, the older they got, the more technology as a whole grew. The internet came along as well as television. They have become starving for information. Therefore, when it comes to marketing, the best place to do this is on the internet and also on television advertisements. They do also enjoy reading the newspaper, so taking out portions of those would be beneficial. Making sure that there is as much information as possible about a particular service or product available is vital. If there is something that they see or want, they will do their research on it first, before taking it. There seems to be a lot of negative surrounding this generation and the health care industry. However, there are things that can be done to help with all of this, on the part of the individual, community, and society as a whole. As far as the individual patients goes, it starts with taking good care of themselves. While they are getting older, it is never too late to begin proper health habits. If they smoke, they should stop. Their lungs will begin to heal themselves. Doing daily exercises can go a long way to promoting good health. They should have a proper diet and try not to rely on supplements unless directed so by their doctor. As far as the community goes, there should be more tolerance for elderly people. It is frustrating to a lot of people that they don’t move as fast and even ridicule them. Being more accepting of them when they walk or drive by. Encourage them to go out and do things. In terms of society as a whole, the same could be said there as well. However, another thing that could be done is that there can be more programs made for people age 50 and up to encourage them to get out and get involved. If people don’t become â€Å"home bodies† and stay active, then they are more likely to stay healthy. I work at Walgreens, which is known more for its health related stuff and it has changed its motto to â€Å"Helping people get, stay, and live well. † I have seen an increasing number of older people coming in living well in to their 80’s and 90’s and still living healthy lives. The people that I have spoken with have attributed their good health to staying active. They admit they don’t move as fast as they used to, but they still manage a way to do it. They stay mentally strong which is a big plus when it comes to keeping their health condition high. The baby boomer generation is a large generation of people, likely one of the biggest in the nation’s history. They are getting older, now, and will start to require more medical attention. It is going to put a major strain on the health care field, which is why it is best if we start preparing for it now. Living a healthier lifestyle is a key to all of this.

Book Review Essay Essay

The three books I read in the holidays personally affected me in more than one way, not only inspiring me to achieve my goals, grow in character, overcome difficulties and become more spiritual. The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari by Robin Sharma is a book which truly inspired me to stretch my imagination, dream further and to achieve my full potential. In his books he says, â€Å"The path to success is the hardest at the beginning, messiest in the middle and best at the end. † This one sentence is so true and ultimately defines reality. This has shown me how important is to strive towards your goals and that although we all encounter challenging situations in life, if we face them head on and grab the bull by the horns we end up reaping the rewards. Personally this has motivated me to work my hardest in my matric year and to work towards improving my marks, studying harder and doing the best I possibly can. One of the most important aspects the book taught was how vital it is to create a balance in life, which means in order for me to succeed in matric I have to balance my sports, my work and my social life in order to create equilibrium. Not only to live a life of purpose, but to have a full appreciation of each moment daily. The Perks Of Being A Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky was a different book to the others I read as the book almost pulled you into the story and you felt as if you were the main character and you shared all the same experiences. Chbosky showed me how important it is to spend time with your family and fellow peers and to embrace every minute you get to spend with them as well as dealing with situations which are not always ideal. One of the sentences in the book that stood out for me which was, â€Å"Even if we don’t have the power to choose where we come from, we can still choose where we go from there and achieve the impossible. † This taught me even if I make decisions or choices which didn’t work out, there remains hope for the future and I must focus on the present and not look back on the past. The main character was Charlie who was similar to me at the beginning of high school, like him I struggled to make friends in the beginning but as the year progressed I ended up with a few, close true friends. In the book he asked his L. O teacher for some advice and why it’s so hard to find real friends, and he replied, â€Å"We accept the love we think we deserve. † And this showed me how true it is to reality. We socialize with people who accept us for who we are, that help us grow and help teach us valuable life lessons Personally this prepared me mentally for the year ahead that even if I don’t achieve the result I hope for, I will move on as the future is the world of un-seen opportunity and surprises. A Survival Guide For Life by Bear Grylls affected me by making me take a look at everyday life and situations and how to approach them differently, as well how important it is to work and get along with others. This book taught me how important preparation is as this is one of most important keys to success, especially as organisation and preparation are extremely vital in matric. Grylls also illustrated to me how I must learn to work together and how team-work can make your life a whole lot easier. I learnt how important is to persist no matter how long it takes to achieve my vision. He inspired me to be a stronger leader and to live life more on the edge and that my dreams are reachable and mustn’t let anybody tell me differently. Each of the books I read had a different message for me and gave me insight into various aspects of life from the most simple things from making my life easier, to never giving up and striving to attain my goals, but the most important lesson I took away from the books was there are endless opportunities in the world and to never stop dreaming.

The Crazy HOrse Electric Game essays

The Crazy HOrse Electric Game essays The story starts of while they are playing their first baseball game of the season against the Crazy Horse Electrics. They decide to put beer in the opposition team's water bottles as a prank, so that they could win. After that Willie decides to go fishing with his dad. They have deep conversations, and they start talking about why Willie's mom does not fish like she used too. Then they get into talking about Missy, Willie's little sister who died of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). After that the book cuts into another baseball game, they are playing against the Crazy Horse Electrics. Sal, a big guy on the Crazy Horse, and Johnny get into a verbal argument, and then Johnny says something personal about him and he wound up and decked Johnny one. They break it up and continue the game. When Willie was about to pitch he looses his balance and Sal hits a good pitch. Then out of pure luck and talent, Willie stretches himself out and robs Sal of a sure triple. Willie become s a minor legend. On their way home from school Jenny and Willie hook up. Then on the weekend, Jenny, Johnny, Willie and his family decide to go to the lake. Willie and Jenny set the table for a picnic when Johnny is out skiing. Willies mom complains about him never being safe enough. Next it is Willie's turn to water-ski. As Willie was doing a 360Â ° turn, he caught the tips of his skis under the water and he crashed. Willies dad was in shock, Jenny had to give Willie mouth to mouth, and save his life. The left the boat, got into the vehicle, and drove to the hospital. Willie ends up with a speech impediment, and problems walking. He ends up doing crazy things, like acid, and drinking. He talks to a counselor whom he really likes. Willie does not want to go into a Special Ed class that the school is referring him to. He feels hopeless, and even jealous of his girlfriend for her athletics. He tries to play racquetball, but his dad gets fru...

102 Week 7 Journal Response Professor Ramos Blog

102 Week 7 Journal Response This week we looked at monster reviews, analyzing monsters, library research, and Frankenstein to name a few. You have started to research your monsters, so this is a great opportunity to look up modern representations of your monster, and even reviews of the monster representation you are looking at. What was the critical and popular reception to your monsters, both when it came out and a modern day version? Requirements are still the same. About 250 words, summary and response to the article/post/news/etc; aka text. Comment below with a link to the text and your summary and response.

First Woman to Vote under the 19th Amendment

First Woman to Vote under the 19th Amendment An often-asked question: who was the first woman in the United States to vote the first woman to cast a ballot the first female voter? Because women in New Jersey had the right to vote from 1776-1807, and there were no records kept of what time each voted in the first election there, the name of the first woman in the United States to vote after its founding  is lost in the mists of history. Later, other jurisdictions granted women the vote, sometimes for a limited purpose (such as Kentucky allowing women to vote in school board elections beginning in 1838).   Some territories and states in the western United States gave women the vote: Wyoming Territory, for instance, in 1870. First Woman to Vote under the 19th Amendment We have several claimants to being the first woman to vote under the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. As with many forgotten firsts of womens history, its possible that documentation will later be found about others who voted early. South St. Paul, August 27 One claim to first woman to vote under the 19th Amendment comes from South St. Paul, Minnesota. Women had been able to cast votes in a 1905 special election in the city of South St. Paul; their votes were not counted, but they were recorded. In that election, 46 women and 758 men voted. When word came on August 26, 1920, that the 19th Amendment had been signed into law, South St. Paul quickly scheduled a special election the next morning on a water bond bill, and at 5:30 a.m., eighty women voted. (Source::Minnesota Senate S.R. No. 5, June 16, 2006) Miss Margaret Newburgh of South St. Paul voted at 6 a.m. in her precinct and is sometimes given the title of  first  woman to vote under the 19th Amendment. Hannibal, Missouri, August 31 On August 31, 1920, five days after the 19th amendment was signed into law, Hannibal, Missouri  held a special election to fill the seat of an alderman who had resigned. At 7 a.m., despite pouring rain, Mrs. Marie Ruoff Byrum, wife of Morris Byrum and daughter-in-law of Democratic committeeman Lacy Byrum, cast her ballot in the first ward. She thus became the first woman to vote in the state of Missouri and the first woman to vote in the United States under the 19th, or Suffrage, Amendment. At 7:01 a.m. in the second ward of Hannibal, Mrs. Walker Harrison cast the second known vote by a woman under the 19th amendment. (Source: Ron Brown, WGEM News, based on a news story in the Hannibal Courier-Post, 8/31/20, and a reference in the Missouri Historical Review Volume 29, 1934-35, page 299.) Celebrating the Right to Vote American women had organized, marched, and gone to prison to gain the vote for women.   They celebrated winning the vote in August 1920, most notably with Alice Paul unfurling a banner showing another star on a banner signifying ratification by Tennessee. Women also celebrated by beginning to organize for women to use their vote widely and wisely.  Crystal Eastman wrote an essay, Now We Can Begin, pointing out that womans battle was not over  but had just begun.   The argument of most of the woman suffrage movement had been that women needed the vote to participate fully as citizens, and many argued for the vote as a way to contribute as women to reforming society. So they organized, including transforming the wing of the suffrage movement led by Carrie Chapman Catt into the League of Women Voters, which Catt helped create.

Market Analysis for Entry Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Market Analysis for Entry Strategy - Case Study Example This scenario was attributed to change in behaviour of the citizens of France and their attitudes towards alcohol product There was also evidence that the Wolf Blass wine, an alcohol brand that the company intended to export it to France could not perform better unless the company engages itself in advertising and other promotional tools especially marketing mix strategies that will give the competitive advantage over the other rival companies. The company should take advantage of globalization concept and engage itself in vigorous marketing strategies like the use of technology in exploring new markets within the target market in this case France. The use of on-line marketing will boost the chances of the company to explore more new and diverse markets within France. Also the company should emphasize on utilizing porter generic strategies in order to compete effectively with its rivals. The company should come up with ways of being overall low cost producer at the same time experiencing larger market share. Global events and competition affects almost all modern businesses and organisations are increasingly facing challenges as a result of the ever changing external and internal environments. The economic and political linkages involving the migration of money, products, and people across national boundaries together with ideas and values have increased the pace of change, ambiguity, uncertainty, and unpredictability. For companies to remain competitive and international in scope as well increasing there financial bases they need to embark on market entry strategies that will enhance good results in terms of exploring new markets 1.2 Company/product/market selected Wolf Company is an Australian company that deals with manufacturing and selling of a wide variety of alcohol products including Wolf Blass wine. Wolf Company is among the alcohol producing companies that have utilized the concept of globalization because of the saturated Australian market for alcohol

Research Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Paragraph - Essay Example These statistics add up to the fact that Virginia has the eighth lowest unemployment rate in the nation and the Richmond metropolitan area has the third lowest rate of the 49 largest metropolitan areas in the United States (Blackwell, 2007). Anyone considering locating in Virginia can have some confidence that they will meet an expanding labor market. When it comes to finding a job, along with a degree or a professional diploma the job seeker will need to possess the desired workplace skills. A recent study by The Conference Board titled "Are They Really Ready to Work" outlined the qualities that potential employers look for in their applicants. The report pointed out that while the 3Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic) are still important, there are other traits that are just as necessary. Oral communications, teamwork, ethics, and critical thinking were at the top of the list of skills needed to succeed in today's workplace. Leadership was also cited by 81.8 percent as "very important for new entrants with a four-year college diploma" (p.14). While a four-year diploma has become almost mandatory for any position in the economy, employers are finding that many degree holders do not measure up.

American literature This I believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American literature This I believe - Essay Example If you have not read, memorized, and kept at heart that immeasurable and invaluable gift by our great ancestors, you had better do. Otherwise, your commitment to the cause of justice, the cause of equality may be legitimately question. One cannot have an answer why you have not read the American declaration of independence. No excuse can be heard from the anybody’s mouth why they have not read their declaration of independence. I believe in its content, intents, and purports. As for my case, I will up to the word, phrases, and the meaning intended by our great ancestors. What else can we ask for? (American Declaration of Independence, para.2). The declaration tells us what to do and what not to. Our declaration of independence ought to be declared a wonder of the world. It ought to be a legal document with a force of law. It should be the grundnorm against which we measure our behaviors. Have we pursued to the fullest our right to be happy? Are American people happy, as we all deserve? Do we believe it is true that happiness is a truth that is self-evident? Do we believe that our right to right to life and liberty and happiness are inalienable? Do we think we should lead by example and infect all the nations of the world with our firm believe that we ought to be happy? If we fully understand, our declaration of independence do we treat the other nations as they deserve. Whether the non-derogable are rights to life, freedom, and pursuit of happiness limited to Americans only? The American people, we ought not to interpret the words literary. They must be given the widest possible interpretation. In our pursuit of the right to life and pursuit of happiness, we should conserve the world environment. We should not be partakers in the complicity of degrading the world environment. We ought to lead by example and have other people’s happiness in having a clean and

Public Officials and Public Opinion Polls Assignment

Public Officials and Public Opinion Polls - Assignment Example Policies are formed in a state for benefiting the citizens in various ways. For this reason, consents of people are important for selecting and developing appropriate policies for a state. In most of the country, the government is selected by the people. The citizen expects that the government will work for developing the country and facilitating the lives of people. The government needs to consider the opinion of the citizen while taking any major decision. By this process, the government will be able to understand the expectation of the people for the state and the things which create strong impacts on them (Burstein, 2003). Generally, policies are formed for improving the condition of the country. People of the state face different types of situations and circumstances for living their life in the state. They are the most appropriate people who can recommend the best policy for the country. With the help of public polls the government is able to understand the wants of the people and according to that, they can form effective policies for the state. Polls are the most powerful and effective tool in getting information and feedback from the people. Public opinion polls indicate the number of people interested in taking part in politics and decision process of the state. The opinions of maximum and a minimum number of people can be analyzed with the help of public opinion polls. When a government takes policy decision according to the majority opinions the citizens then the people tend to support the government. Public opinion polls are used by the public officials for giving importance to the people. With the help of public opinion polls, a government can show it’s concerned towards people opinion.

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Hospitality Management - Essay Example se international portfolio requires a dynamic leadership and operational team who are well-versed in contemporary theories of consumer behaviour and are able and willing to respond to the needs of fluctuating market preferences. With the aforementioned in mind, it would appear that Hilton Hotels must actively scrutinise the internal and external market environment, determine their internal capacity to fulfill these identified service requirements and deliver on the promise of providing excellence in all aspects of business; both domestic and foreign. Being able to deliver on such promises requires a sophisticated team of service professionals, suggesting that Hilton brands must provide adequate training and development programmes geared toward service excellence and create quality systems to deliver these services and to respond to issues of service recovery to gain customer loyalty. Such systems require a flexible leadership team who remain focused on continuous improvements in the hotel industry. This project focuses on three specific elements which currently exist at Hilton Hotels, including their training and development systems, the inter-connected nature of staff behaviours and customer interaction as well as an analysis of the systems currently in place to manage issues of service failure and subsequent service recovery. Brand and service differentiation are two primary strategic objectives of Hilton Hotels, which involves creating the perceptions of high-quality facilities uniquely tailoured to fit the needs of a diverse consumer market. Hilton maintains a wide variety of four-star accommodations across much of Europe and North America, as well as less-affluent facilities designed for the busy traveller or family-oriented tourist. As the majority of Hilton brands are full-service facilities, including restaurant, banquet and conference catering and regional tourism packages, this would suggest that Hilton employees are fully interactive in virtually all

Asda and Tesco - Restructuring to reflect multichannel markets Coursework

Asda and Tesco - Restructuring to reflect multichannel markets - Coursework Example adership, it is still not clear on the nature of leadership and how it relates to other variables including performance satisfaction and commitment of the employees. Moreover, there is a difference between leadership and management. A manager involves him or herself in planning, organization, staffing, controlling, and directing (Rumsey 2013). Leadership, on the other hand is more concerned with influence. One may be a manager but fail to be an effective leader. The ability of a leader to influence others is based on various factors, which if well followed would lead to the achievement of the goals and objectives of an organization. There are various theories that have led to the development and influence on the leadership and management business environment in the 21st century. They include: George Graen introduced this theory back in the year 1970 together with his various colleagues (Rhodes & Hart 2014). However, the theory have been adequately revised and changed in the subsequent years since 1970. It focuses in trying to determine the type of relationship existing between the leader and the subordinate staff thus coming up with effective outcomes. As a result, it is able to determine whether the leader and the subordinates will be in a position to develop good working relations that will ensure that the organization achieves its desired goals (Riggio & Harvey 2011). Though the leader treats the subordinates differently according to the relationships they have and the job performance. The leaders establish close relations with some leaders while fail to do so with other subordinates. Those with close relations with the leader have relationships build on trust and mutual respect. They are always involved in important decision making of the organization. As a result, they are well motivated and that matches up with their job-performance. Those employees who the leaders are not so close with are always left out of decision making of the organization. As a

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Hospitality Management - Essay Example se international portfolio requires a dynamic leadership and operational team who are well-versed in contemporary theories of consumer behaviour and are able and willing to respond to the needs of fluctuating market preferences. With the aforementioned in mind, it would appear that Hilton Hotels must actively scrutinise the internal and external market environment, determine their internal capacity to fulfill these identified service requirements and deliver on the promise of providing excellence in all aspects of business; both domestic and foreign. Being able to deliver on such promises requires a sophisticated team of service professionals, suggesting that Hilton brands must provide adequate training and development programmes geared toward service excellence and create quality systems to deliver these services and to respond to issues of service recovery to gain customer loyalty. Such systems require a flexible leadership team who remain focused on continuous improvements in the hotel industry. This project focuses on three specific elements which currently exist at Hilton Hotels, including their training and development systems, the inter-connected nature of staff behaviours and customer interaction as well as an analysis of the systems currently in place to manage issues of service failure and subsequent service recovery. Brand and service differentiation are two primary strategic objectives of Hilton Hotels, which involves creating the perceptions of high-quality facilities uniquely tailoured to fit the needs of a diverse consumer market. Hilton maintains a wide variety of four-star accommodations across much of Europe and North America, as well as less-affluent facilities designed for the busy traveller or family-oriented tourist. As the majority of Hilton brands are full-service facilities, including restaurant, banquet and conference catering and regional tourism packages, this would suggest that Hilton employees are fully interactive in virtually all

FAR Default and Dispute Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FAR Default and Dispute - Research Paper Example Despite the establishment of these laws, it is common that disputes arise in the process contracting leading to termination of contracts through a legal process. This paper will examine the FAR process of acquisition, settling disputes that arise within the acquisition process and the available mechanisms through which these disputes can be settled. By considering the acquisition plan that is used by the government, this paper will provide various recommendations that can be sued in to improve the government procurement procedures. FAR provides two mechanisms through which the government can terminate contracts they have entered with suppliers. Either termination for default or termination for convenience can be applied depending on the situation that arises during the contract period. Termination of contracts is one of the strategies that the government employs to streamline its operations with the supply chain and network to ensure that the procurement process is effective and with in the allocated budgets and to accommodate changes that may arise during the procurement process. ... Termination by default takes a legal procedure in-court where the two parties in the contract are required to provide a tangible evidence to prove the authenticity of termination by default. If the government intends to follow this route, then it must prove in a court of law that the contract failed to deliver goods and services with respect to the terms of the contract concerning the quality, quantity, schedule or any other issues states implicitly or explicitly in the bond. The contractor is required to prove to the court of law that the omissions or defiance of the contract terms was excusable or outside the contract agreement. The court judgment is delivered after the enough evidence is tabled by both parties, enough to form a basis for a court ruling. As the number of government contracts increases, cases involving termination of contract for default have become more common. However, the contractor is allowed to appeal if they feel that the termination for default was not a fair part of the contract (Keyes, 2003). Numerous cases have emerged during the government procurement process that has led the government to resort to termination for default. For instance, the government of US terminated a contract for default after a contractor failed to deliver goods that included wire rope terminals and the court upheld the case. In addition, the government demanded a compensation of $14, 457 for goods that were rejected within a warranty period for on the ground that the contractor failed to meet the quality requirements of the contract (Keyes, 2003). The court ruled in favor of the government after assessing the evidence that proved that the contractor had failed to uphold the terms

Manufacturing Case Study Essay Example for Free

Manufacturing Case Study Essay Introduction Before a manufacturing process can be selected to manufacture a component many things need to be considered. The design of the product, the functionality, the service conditions and the properties of the material all play a big part when considering the manufacturing process. This study looks at Polypropylene Chairs used mainly for education purposes. It provides information that explains the purpose of a chair; the requirements of this particular product and the manufacturing process that produces the final component. To understand why this type of chair is made from polypropylene the reader first needs to understand the basis of any chair. A chair is a raised surface for a single person to be seated. The majority of chairs are produced with the standard four legs but it’s the design of the chair and its intended use that takes most consideration. The use of the chair will determine the design and the material used. For example; is the chair to be used at a desk or for sitting at a dining table to eat? The users’ weight needs to be evenly distributed over the chair to provide comfort whilst seated. If the chair is to be used for long periods of seating then it is beneficial for the chair to be slightly reclined, which will support the persons back more and remove the weight from other parts of the body. If a chair is too high then shorter people will have their feet dangling, causing pressure on the knees; whereas lower seats cause discomfort to the buttocks. Section One Looking at the requirements of this type of chair we can see it is not the most comfortable chair on the market but then these chairs are not used for long periods of sitting. They are mainly used within canteens, hospitals, libraries and schools for short sitting periods; meaning that they are mass produced. Due to the amount of chairs that are manufactured there is a requirement to keep the production cost low. They are tough chairs that can come in a variety of colours, can be used in or outside and have the advantage of being able to stack away; saving space. The chair is required to hold a variety of people with a range of body weight and height so they are required to be stable, strong durable and withstand movement whilst being lightweight. This style of plastic chair is made of a thermoplastic polymer called Polypropylene (PP). It is a thermoplastic that has a two dimensional structure. The plastic can be softened by heat and recycled. The material is produced by the polymerisation of polymer molecules into very long chains. The material is a â€Å"semi-crystalline solid with good physical, mechanical and thermal properties†. The properties of PP in its liquid state are defined by the length and breadth of the polymer chains that form during the process. When PP is in its solid state the properties are based on how much crystalline and amorphous region forms from those chains. [Karian, Ph.D., Harutun G, Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, 1999, New York, NY, USA, Pg 15] FIG 1. Example of the chain of Isotactic polypropylene PP is semi-crystalline; meaning that it contains small crystals and material that is amorphous and Isotactic. The chains are closely packed together and the amount of van der Walls bonding is at a maximum, making the material strong as a solid object. The polymer chains determine the weight of the material and the crystals within the chains determine how thick the material can be and in turn this will impact on how much heating is required to mould the material. â€Å"The crystallisability of the chains is one factor that determines how thick the crystallites will be and the thickness of the crystallites determines how much heat energy is required to melt them†. [Karian, Ph.D., Harutun G, Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, 1999, New York, NY, USA, Pg 17] PP is stiff, with a low density. It has good resistance to impact and fatigue, excellent chemical resistance, a high heat resistance and an excellent moisture barrier. Having good structural characteristic s makes PP a useful material for rigid objects. PP has a good balance between its physical and chemical properties. Due to the high mould shrinkage of PP it is difficult to achieve close tolerances but because the material is tough, resilient and has a high resistance to stress cracking it reduces the need for close tolerances. Having a very low density of 0.90g/cm^3; a low cost per volume; a wide flexibility when it comes to design and it also being recyclable makes PP an attractive construction material. PP has the advantage of being able to form high volume, complex shapes at a relatively low cost. When using CES software and comparing the price against the fracture toughness it provides the user with all known materials. Using the limit function and applying a Young’s modulus of 2GPa and a minimum tensile strength of 40MPa Fig 2 Materials based on Price against Tensile Strength The chairs are made of PP because the material is inexpensive, easy to clean, lightweight and durable. The material can be tough and flexible with a high tensile and compressive strength. The main reason that this material works well when manufacturing these chairs is down to the precise control of the impact strength, they do react when exposed to heat meaning that they hold their shape and provide good properties within the human environment, especially when in an outside environment. Section 2 Polypropylene is most commonly manufactured using extrusion, or injection moulding. Extrusion allows extremely large batches of uniform cross sectional shape items to be produced. Hot extrusion is when the polymer is heated first to make it more malleable, and then ‘pushed’ through a die. Pieces made using extrusion have an extremely high quality of surface finish, meaning they do not require finishing after manufacture. [pic] FIG 3. Extrusion Process Injection moulding is achieved by melting the polymer in a barrel, and then forcing or injecting it into a mould. Some injection moulding machines are screw fed. As the piece cools, it shrinks slightly in the mould. This can cause product defects especially if the mould is poorly designed. It allows for the production of very accurately shaped pieces. When the piece is removed from the mould, it will have a contour line called a ‘parting line’ where the mould closes on it, and often will be marked by the ejector pin with a small circle. If the manufacturer does not want these marks on their product, then it will require post-manufacture finishing, but otherwise the finish is of a relatively high standard. FIG 4. Injection Moulding Process Some chairs could be manufactured using extrusion, if they were a flat ‘L’ shape for example. However most chairs are shaped for ergonomic and structural reasons, and would require a more accurate manufacturing process. This would be injection moulding, as thick struts can be included in the design to aid the strength of the chair, and a comfortable dip can be shaped into the back of the seat to make it more appealing to the user. As chairs of this nature are designed for a very wide range of users, and with durability in mind, the material is required to be fairly thick to accommodate this need. This would slow the manufacturing process with injection moulding as it would take each piece longer to cool, and therefore a longer wait is required before the piece can be removed from the mould. The thickness of the piece would have little effect on an extruded product, as the die can be made whatever size is desired. The weight of the chair would have little bearing on manufacture in either of these methods, except for the amount of material needed. For a batch of 1000, extrusion would be an excellent process, as enough material for the whole batch can be melted and pushed through the die, and the pieces cut from the section after extrusion. Large batches can be produced very quickly in this way. Injection moulding would take longer, as each piece must be made individually, unless the mould is designed with several chairs in, each connected by a ‘strut’ of waste product. This increases the amount of waste material, and the initial set up costs due to the mould design, and a larger machine being required. Section 3 There are many factors to consider when forming a component from composite. Failure to consider these factors can drastically change the material properties and this in turn could lead to an unsatisfactory component. A polymer matrix for the composite is an excellent base; their material properties already provide many favorable attributes such as high corrosion resistance and low density. The introduction of a secondary reinforcing agent will provide a synergetic effect to the mechanical properties of the material allowing a better component. One of the factors that are critically important in the production of a composite is the format of the secondary phase; it is a key factor to the materials properties of the component. There are three mostly used forms for the reinforcing of secondary phases; these are long/short fibers, or particles. Long fibers, also known as continuous fibers, are fibers that are layered in strips or woven into a pattern along an axis. The fibers generally consist of a much stronger material than the polymer matrix; as such the fibers take a much greater load compared to the polymer matrix. This allows for a material with much better load bearing properties. The increased ability to take load is based upon the direction of the fibers. When bearing load, the best mechanical properties are obtained in the direction of the fibers. There are many different orientations used by fibers, orienting the fibers in one specific direction is often used when the direction of the force is constant. Planar reinforcement is used when the direction of force is only along one plane of action. Short fibers, also known as continuous fibers, are fibers that have been cut into relatively short strands. The shorter nature of these fibers means that they can be orientated in lots of patterns and directions. As well as being able to be orientated in one specific direction and along one plane like long fibers, they can also be orientated randomly. This random orientation allows for a uniform distribution of the reinforcing ability of the fibers; therfore increasing the load bearing ability in all directions instead of just one, or a single plane. If particles are introduced into a polymer matrix, their effects vary greatly compared to their size. Very small particles act as a barrier to dislocation movements; this hardens the matrix material due to the fact that dislocations cannot propagate as easily through the structure. Smaller particles cannot take loads due to their size, so the load bearing ability of the composite is based upon the matrix material. If larger particles are introduced they can take some of the load, this allows the composite of the two to take a larger load. Due to the nature of particles the matrix is naturally able to take isotropic loads. [Mikell, P. Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing Fourth Edition, 2011, New Jersey, NJ, USA, Pg 181-183] Fig 5. A Chart Showing Long/Short fibers as well as Particles. Orientation of reinforcement is another major factor in the production of a composite component. Not taking into account the direction of reinforcement can have unfavorable material properties. Materials are either isotropic or anisotropic in one or more directions. Isotropic orientation is achieved when the fibers are randomly oriented, or particles are introduced into the matrix composite. The effects of this type of orientation are that the load can be taken uniformly in all directions. This is advantageous because it allows for a material that is not constrained by loads in one direction. The downside is that the material properties can never be as strong as if they where aligned to one direction. Anisotropic orientation is when fibers are aligned to a specific direction or plane. When the load is applied in this direction is extremely strong, this means that an anisotropic composite material has extremely beneficial properties in the direction of the fibers. The further the load gets from the direction of the fibers the less beneficial the material properties are until the load is perpendicular to the fiber direction. When the fiber direction is perpendicular to the fibers the maximum strength is the strength of the primary matrix. If the concentration of fibers is high enough the strength in the perpendicular direction can be significantly less than the primary polymer. [Mikell, P. Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing Fourth Edition, 2011, New Jersey, NJ, USA, Pg 181-183] Fig 6. A Chart showing Anisotropic and Isotropic Orientations The chair, due to its function, has various limits that need to be applied when taking into account the construction of the composite. The forces inherent in the use of a chair are not in one direction, or even one plane of action. This means that an isotropic composite is best suited for the chair, as a planar or singular direction of fibers wouldnt be beneficial to the mechanical properties of the component. Due to the composite that is being used it must have an isotropic orientation so only discontinuous fibers or particles can be used; continuous fibers cannot be used feasibly in an isotropic orientation. A short fiber based second phase would increase the toughness of the component as well as increasing the stiffness and strength in all directions. These properties seem more favorable than those of particulates which increase fatigue strength. Short fibers in a random orientation would be beneficial for a seat; this would allow it to take impacts during its service as well as remaining in shape and resisting bending. [Mikell, P. Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing Fourth Edition, 2011, New Jersey, NJ, USA, Pg 181-183] The length of the short fibers would be above the critical length value; this is based on the diameter of the fiber, the ultimate tensile strength of the fiber and the shear strength of the matrix-fiber interface. The diameter of the fibers should be as small as possible to allow for a higher tensile strength. [Mikell, P. Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing Fourth Edition, 2011, New Jersey, NJ, USA, Pg 181 Figure 8.15] The Volume fraction of a composite is the product of: (Volume of Fibers/Volume of Composite). It is a way of expressing the amount of fiber in a composite, it is also very useful in refining the properties of your composite. The volume fraction for our composite should be greater than the critical volume fraction. A volume fraction lower than this means that the matrix would break before the fibers could support the load applied. This can be given by: Vcritical = (ÏÆ'm* ÏÆ'm / ÏÆ'f* ÏÆ'm) ÏÆ'm* = Matrix Ultimate Tensile Strength ÏÆ'm = Matrix Yield Strength ÏÆ'f* = Fiber Ultimate Tensile Strength Once a value for Vcritical is determined, this can be used as a basis for determining the volume fraction you want. Any volume fraction must be above Vcritical so that the matrix is actually strengthened by the addition of the fibers. You can continue adding a higher concentration of fibers until you begin to imbrittle the polymer matrix composite due to the excess fiber content. Without knowing the exact fiber and matrix choices it would be hard to predict the volume fraction this would occur at, as a guideline the value would be any value greater than 0.7. Therefore the volume fraction should lie above Vcritical. To ascertain the best value for the volume fraction you would have to do testing on the composite at various volume fraction values and use the results to determine which would be the best for the chair component. Using a randomly oriented short fiber composite would enhance the material properties. The random orientation would make it able to handle forces from all directions and the short fibers would increase various mechanical properties such as toughness, tensile strength and fatigue strength. This material composite would produce a very light and strong structure which should be able to withstand alot more than the polymer alone. The synergetic effect of this composite allows it to attain a much higher specific strength than the polymeric design. It also attains a much higher stiffness than the original design; allowing it to maintain its shape more consistently during its service time, and it also means it is less likely to fail due to a sudden shock. The increased fatigue strength would mean that the material can maintain its service for a longer period of time due to its ability to withstand crack propagation and its resistance to mechanical defects building up over time. SECTION 4 In section 2, it was decided that the best process chosen for producing the chairs was extrusion molding over injection molding as it was a faster process and allowed for less waste material. This process is not suitable for the addition of short fibers too the polypropylene, instead reinforced reaction injection molding would make a better choice. Reaction injection molding is a low pressure process used to cure thermosets that require a chemical reaction rather than heat. This process requires two reactive ingredients which are mixed and injected into the mold cavity where the curing and solidification processes occur rapidly. This process can be used for large parts as well as complex shapes. When reinforcing fibers are used in the mixture the process is called reinforced injection molding. [pic] FIG 7. IMAGE OF REINFORCED REACTION INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS The capital start up cost for this process is high but due to the low pressures that are used in the process it balances out cost. The initial batch size chosen for the production of the chairs was 1000 units. This figure works with reinforced reaction injection molding as it allows for economic bath sizes between 100 and 10000 units, so even if batch sized was reduced by a tenth of its original size or increased by 10 times the size this process can still be economical to the manufacturer. REFERENCES [27 Mar 2012] [27 Mar 2012] Stephen Pheasant, 2nd Ed; Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work; Taylor Francis Ltd [2011] [20 Feb 2012] FIG 7. (http://composites.owenscorning.com/processes/Reaction_Injection_Molding.aspx) http://staff.bath.ac.uk/msscrb/dent.pdf equation 5, page 1657 FIG 1 [Polypropylene Molecule, Chempolymerproject, [Online] Available: [https://Polypropylene-B-CABA] [28 Mar 2012]] FIG 3 [Extrusion of a Round Blank through a Die [Online] Available: http://en.wikipedia.org (2011)] FIG 4 [Injection Moulding Machine [Online] Available: http://www.engineerstudent.co.uk (2011)]

Principles Of Good Writing And Formatting English Language Essay

Principles Of Good Writing And Formatting English Language Essay The process of preparing financial statements may also required you to provide accompanying reports or recommendations. Below are some principles that should be followed when preparing this written communication. Principles of good writing and formatting Proper grammar and correct spelling are the underpinning elements of any written communication. Other writing and layout skills contribute significantly to the communication and acceptance of any document. Here are some principles that provide evidence of good writing. Principles of good writing Audience Always design with an audience in mind. Where possible, state up front what the reader profile is. Aim at a specific reader and assume that the reader is intelligent but uninformed. Purpose Before writing your document, determine the exact purpose of the report. Language Use language that is simple, concrete, and familiar. Structure When preparing explanatory notes follow the standard speakers approach First tell your readers what you are going to tell them, then tell it to them, and finally tell them what you told them Culturally appropriate communication According to the website of the Department of Families, Community services  [1]  , culturally appropriate communication means: Finding away to communicate effectively that also respects and accepts cultural differences. Communication is a two-way process, so all parties need to work together to achieve culturally appropriate communication. Its about discovering, recognising, understanding and working effectively within the influences of each others culture. Effective communication is an important component of any job. Effective communication ensures that ideas, instructions and information are shared in a way that ensures the organisation achieves its objectives. For communication to be effective it needs to be understood and interpreted by the person receiving the message in the same way that the sender intended. So, effective communication becomes a challenge when the person you are communicating with is from a different background, has different values and perhaps has a different language to your own. In these situations you need to deliver your communication in a culturally appropriate way if effective communication is to be achieved. Some important points to consider to ensure culturally appropriate communication are: Remember that you are communicating with individuals. Beware of the assumption that all people from a certain cultural share the same values and beliefs. All cultures are equal A different culture to your own does not mean a lesser one. While you are most comfortable with your own culture, this does not mean it is the the best or the only way people should behave. Speak clearly and concisely Sound words out properly rather than slowly, which can sound patronising. Shorten your sentences and convey one idea per sentence. Add visual support like charts, images and diagrams to your text or verbal communications. Check for understanding Ask the person to repeat your communication back to you to ensure they understood the message how you intended. Be aware of non-verbal communication Not all communication is verbal. Some studies report that up to two-thirds of the meaning of a message is interpreted by the non-verbal communication such as facial expressions, hand gestures, posture and tone of voice. Take care not to allow your non-verbal communication to be misinterpreted by people from by other cultures. Language for report writing Be precise: Use short sentences and be simple and direct. Avoid using excess words and cumbersome phrases. Express your meaning clearly and do not use clichà ©s, jargon or ambiguous terms. Be objective: Present data impartially and without bias. Present facts and avoid using emotive terms. Clearly distinguish opinion from assumptions. Be accurate: Ensure your report is free of spelling and grammatical errors. Proof read your work carefully before finalising and presenting it. Be impersonal: Avoid the use of personal terms like I, my and me. Organisational requirements for producing reports Your organisation may have templates or style guidelines that direct how documents are to be produced. This may include directions for use of company logos, headers and footers, page numbering and file naming protocols. You should ensure your report follows all necessary guidelines, contains all the relevant information and is presented professionally. Have a colleague check your work for details you may have missed. Communication and Interpersonal skills Interpersonal skills are a necessary component in the process of preparing financial statements. You must be able to effectively confirm the requirements for reporting in order to produce useable statements and recommendations. Some useful communication skills are outlined below: Third-personing This technique can be used to normalise a clients feelings. Example Many retirees are looking for ways to get a better cash flow option This technique allows the client to respond to the statement and talk about the statement if they choose. It also allows the client to correct advisors assumptions. To the Nth Degree This skill allows the client to define their own priorities and needs. You are concerned with many different financial issues. What concerns you most? This technique shows respect for the clients needs and allows the client to control the interviews direction. Offering Options When a client is struggling with a decision, an advisor can offer a range of options, which allows the client to choose which options might work for them. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing lets the client know that they have been heard and understood by the advisor. This technique uses different language to reinforce what the client has said. It also allows the client to give an advisor feedback if they have been misunderstood. Acknowledge/normalise Acknowledge or normalise a clients feelings to reassure them. This helps builds trust, openness and self-respect. Example Thats a pretty common reaction. Affirming Statements Genuine affirmation improves the clients sense of well-being and builds on client strengths and past successes. Examples: Thanks for your input today. It was very informative Things to avoid There are ways in which communication can be interrupted or blocked unintentionally by the listeners response. Some of these responses to avoid include arguing, lecturing, moralising, preaching, judging, withdrawing, distracting or ridicule  [2]  . Learning activity: Interpersonal skills Identify and describe three benefits that you think that a person charged with the responsibility of preparing financial statements would secure by possessing good interpersonal skills to deal with clients. 1. 2 3 Listening Become an active listener There are five key elements to this to help ensure you are really listening to what the person has to say: Pay attention Give the client your undivided attention and acknowledge the message. Recognise that what is not said also speaks loudly. Show that you are listening Use your own body language and gestures to convey your attention. Provide feedback Ask questions to clarify certain points. What do you mean when you sayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? Is this what you mean? Defer judgment. Allow the client to finish. Dont interrupt with counter-arguments. Respond appropriately. Be candid, open, and honest in your response  [3]  . Learning activity: Active listening Am I being an active listener when I Argue my point Yes/No Look around the room Yes/No I am honest in my response Yes/No My body is facing away from the other person Yes/No I ask them to clarify a point Yes/No Liaising When confirming reporting requirements, you will need to liaise effectively with relevant stakeholders. Gathering information, answering queries and resolving difficulties rely on good communication skills and your job will be made easier when you can deal with everyone efficiently and effectively. Most problems hindering project outcomes are tied back to communication difficulties. To make this liaising process easier, consider implementing the following; Firstly have a clear idea about what youre supposed to be doing. Clearly outline the terms and conditions under which youll be operating. Knowing who is responsible for what and how things are going to get done, makes later disagreements less likely. Some tax agents use a standardised contract to establish and manage this relationship. Secondly dont report to multiple people. Insist on one constant point of contact throughout the process. Requests for changes or updates should come from one person. This way there is less chance that youll end up chopping and changing as different people express their opinion. Thirdly, keep your client abreast of your progress on a regular basis. Maybe its a regular email just to let them know that you have everything under control. This will stop the client checking in on progress at times that may be inconvenient and disrupt your work flow. Learning activity: Client liaisons Identify different situations where you may need to liaise with a client when providing financial statement preparation services, and describe how this might be done. In particular, note what trigger points there are in the process that may require you to liaise or clarify information with a client. e.g. initial interview phone call to organise mutually acceptable time/date

Investigate the Osmotic Point of Equilibrium in a Potato :: GCSE Biology A2 A-Level Coursework

Investigate the Osmotic Point of Equilibrium in a Potato The following Passages are information which I have managed to find when researching the topic of Osmosis: - The cell membrane controls the movement of substances going into and out of the cells. The cell therefore controls the Chemical composition of the internal environment of the cell. It does this in two ways; Passive Process - this does not require energy Active Process - this does require energy to occur This works in principle which diffusion in which molecules and ions in a solution move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration resulting in the equal distribution of molecules. Cells membranes are selectively or partially permeable, this means moving the membrane allows certain molecules to pass through it moving freely down the concentration gradient but not others. Osmosis The cell membrane is partially permeable in that it allows some molecules to diffuse rapidly but slows the passing of others. The glucose molecules try to diffuse to the outside but cannot get through the membrane because the pores are too small. The water molecules diffuse trough the pores down the concentration gradient. This membrane- controlled diffusion of water molecuse is controlled by osmosis, it can works both ways so that it can pass into and out of the cell. Osmosis and Diffusion If water is withheld from a flowering plant, the flowers wilt. If bacterial cells are placed in concentrated salt water solution, they collapse and die. Human red blood cells placed in fresh water expand and burst. These are examples of the effects of osmosis, the process by which water passes through a cell membrane. Osmosis is possible because of the constant state of motion that exists at the atomic and molecular levels of matter. Specifically, in liquid solutions, molecules of solute (the dissolved substance) and solvent (the substance, usually liquid, in which the solute is dissolved) move about randomly, spreading from regions of high concentration into regions of low concentration. This process is called diffusion. If a cell membrane allowed an equal passage of solute and solvent, diffusion through the membrane would lead to a cell whose internal composition would be identical to its environment. This does not occur because the cell membrane is differentially permeable, or semipermeable-that is, it is permeable to some molecules but not to others. Water molecules (and dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) pass through the membrane much more readily than dissolved solid solutes, such as sugar and salt (see Cell, "The Cell Membrane"). If the environment is hypertonic (having a higher concentration of solute than the cell), water diffuses out of the cell.

Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Presentation Essay

General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods.  · This report should cover the material from the previous weeks, providing a comprehensive look at the key safeguards needed for the project at each stage of the systems development processes.  · The report should have clear recommendations to ensure that the final frequent shopper program system is properly secured against likely threats. Include the requirements for future audit provisions the internal staff may use to validate the security measures in the system. Prepare a presentation to executive management at Kudler Fine Foods of the need to make the changes recommended in the paper.  · The presentation should be 8 – 10 slides in length.  · The presentation must include appropriate graphics, and may be in a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®presentation format.  · Online students will submit a presentation that must include detailed speaker notes.   It is important that you map out your first day at school before your actual first day. Plan out the best strategy for navigating the campus, learning the amount of time it will take to get from class to class. In addition, find the other places that you plan to visit frequently, and note their  location on your map. This document of CMGT 400 Week 5 Presentation includes: Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Presentation General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods. For downloading more tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/1rubupQ It is important that you map out your first day at school before your actual first day. Plan out the best strategy for navigating the campus, learning the amount of time it will take to get from class to class. In addition, find the other places that you plan to visit frequently, and note their location on your map. General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods.  · This report should cover the material from the previous weeks, providing a comprehensive look at the key safeguards needed for the project at each stage of the systems development processes.  · The report should have clear recommendations to ensure that the final frequent shopper program system is properly secured against likely threats. Include the requirements for future audit provisions the internal staff may  use to validate the security measures in the system. Prepare a presentation to executive management at Kudler Fine Foods of the need to make the changes recommended in the paper.  · The presentation should be 8 – 10 slides in length.  · The presentation must include appropriate graphics, and may be in a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®presentation format.  · Online students will submit a presentation that must include detailed speaker notes. †¦

Team Work

HECS 1100 Learning Together, Working Together| Learning Set Assessment Task | By Jodie Brown, Carole Fawcett, Debbie Fairhurst, Helena Judge, Helena Bonallie and Hannah Crowther| [Pick the date] | Learning Set Poster Assessment Task Within the Learning Together Working Together tutorials we were assigned to a group and given the task of designing an A4 poster which communicated information to a specific target group. The project the group chose was an A4 poster on ‘Recognising stress in carers’ aimed at carers.The group interpreted the brief as non-paid carers having someone dependent upon them such as a mother caring for her baby or a young person caring for an elderly relative. The group originally chose the project on respect towards older people aimed at 15-19 year olds however, following a group discussion decided to change the project to recognising stress in carers. This was because the group felt that the carers topic was currently highlighted in the media and th ere was a large volume of literature available from a variety of sources.The group also felt that the respect towards elders project was quite a broad topic which could be interpreted in many different ways which may have been challenging to convey on a poster. The group preferred a poster over a leaflet as they felt it could reach a wider audience when placed anywhere rather than someone having to physically collect a leaflet. The group also thought a poster would be more eye catching, easier to read and concise for stressed busy carers who wouldn’t want to read large volumes of text. 152 wordsInitially the group did not assign specific roles to individual members as the group was only in the Forming stage (Tuckman1965), therefore, each member carried out their own individual research, gaining more knowledge on carers and the impact of stress. The team thought that different research approaches would cover all areas and allow equal input and workload from all members. The St orming stage (Tuckman1965) became evident as the resources individuals had gathered were discussed and the most relevant information was chosen.From this discussion the set decided upon the information, design and direction. This then lead into the Norming stage (Tuckman1965) where strengths and weaknesses became apparent which enabled task allocation to be easier. For example, one member having had experience in mental health initiated an idea taken from Bramham’s vulnerability bucket (date) and another member having good IT skills worked on putting the poster together based on other members inputs.These positive roles along with plant, shaper and other pos roles (138 words) Development of the group was very positive, the team progressed through Tuckman’s (1965) Stages without any conflict or problems which the learning set believed was an achievement as without this the poster would not have been produced as quickly and successfully. The main basis of the poster was decided early, giving the group plenty of time to improve and refine it with each meeting.Each member demonstrated an adult to adult relationship (Thompson 2006) with excellent communication skills throughout. As everyone became closer and felt more comfortable, it was easier to express views, portray opinions and be able to negotiate, ultimately meaning better ideas were created. Also the group was extremely open to various individual ideas which, as a result, allowed the discussions of advantages and disadvantages to reach an agreement. 131 words) The most challenging aspect of the project was that the initial idea didn’t work well on paper as it was too crowded so, it had to be adapted, without losing the concept. This took considerable time and effort however, spending this time meant that the final poster was of a higher quality. (52 words) Within the learning set respect was demonstrated throughout. This was initiated by a list of rules that were formulated at the origi nal meeting that set the basis of how each member should behave towards one another.These were adhered to during the entire project. (Appendix 1) Acknowledgment of each members strengths and weaknesses was demonstrated the ensure that others thoughts, ideas and actions were encouraged and not dismissed. Every individuals perspectives were considered when making a group decision for example, information was shared within the file exchange on the virtual leaning environment enabled the opportunity for viewpoints to be shared. 100 words) Upon reflection on Action (Schon 1983, 1987), the group would try assigning roles to each member to see whether it was more effective. The roles could be rotated around so that each member had a go at each role. Another idea upon reflection was to formulate an Action Plan with deadlines so each person could have a step by step approach to formulate. The learning set believe these ideas wouldn’t alter the final product but could possibly improve the working style. (81 words). TOTAL WORD COUNT: 802

The Root Of All Evil, Macbeth

G. R. Elliot once said, â€Å"wicked intention must in the end produce wicked action unless it is not merely revoked by the protagonist’s better feelings, but entirely eradicated by his inmost will, aided by Divine grace. † This statement can be directly applied to Macbeth’s descent into the darker recesses of human nature and what human weaknesses this classical tragic figure struggles with and finally succumbs to, causing his downfall. In William Shakespeare’s famous play, Macbeth is drawn to the murder of King Duncan, Banquo, and Fleance by his yearning for power. How could such a ourageous, gentle man such as Macbeth suddenly be transformed and drawn to do such evil? Surely he did not come up with such villainous thoughts of his own. His desire for control, authority, and jurisdiction was strengthened by evil sources, those from both the witches’ prophecies and his wife’s encouragement. In Macbeth it is very clear that evil begets evil. Shakespeare focuses on Macbeth’s courage early in the play. For example, Duncan and the sergeant both compliment Macbeth’s mental and physical bravery in Act I, Scene II. Macbeth â€Å"carv’d out his passage† until he and the enemy eneral were face to face. In the same act, the reader is told that Macbeth is brave because of his â€Å"disdaining Fortune. † In addition to his quality of courage, Macbeth is also a gentle man. Demonstrating his love and devotion for his wife, Macbeth refers to her as â€Å"his dearest partner of greatness† in Act I, Scene V. Lady Macbeth views his kindness as somewhat of a problem for their quest for power. She says that Macbeth is â€Å"too full o’ the milk of human kindness† to place them on the throne of Scotland as a result of murder. Macbeth realizes that Duncan is, n fact, a good and humble king, and other than to fulfill self-centered, uncontrolled ambitions, this is not reason to murder him. Macbeth is soon pressured into the murder of Duncan by both his wife and the three witches. The three witches are supernatural instruments of fate who predicted that Macbeth will become King of Scotland. In act I, scene III, the witches chant, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! / All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be King hereafter! When Macbeth hears this prophecy, many questions nstantly begin to run through his head. He begins to wonder, what are they talking about and how will I become king? Macbeth does not entirely trust the witches, for he does identify them with evil. The foretelling of the witches spark the plot of the murder. The spark becomes a flame when Lady Macbeth hears of the prophecy. Lady Macbeth is canny and masterful as she propels Macbeth to kill Duncan. She binds Macbeth’s attention to the throne of Scotland, but never to the severity of the crime. Lady Macbeth is clever when she constantly urges Macbeth to forget about his torments and the brutal death he has aused. Before the actual murder, Macbeth is shrouded with fear. Banquo can also see the fear in Macbeth, although he does not know about the plan of murder when he asks, â€Å"Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear/ Things that do sound so fair? † He ponders what would happen if he fails, and discusses this possibility with his wife. He struggles with fear in the presence of Lady Macbeth but she constantly reassures him that there is nothing to fear and that the murder will be for the better. This fear demonstrates that Macbeth does realize the difference between right and rong, good and evil, and the consequences, but the outcome, which is murder, proves he can be swayed in his beliefs and concerns. Macbeth was pressured to do a horrible deed which was driven by evil. The beginning of the evil was rooted in his wife and the witch’s but quickly spread into his mind and heart. Macbeth was soon contaminated by evil, although he realized what he had done was wrong. Macbeth says, â€Å"To know my deed, ’twere best not know myself,† meaning that committing such a vile act makes him uncomfortable. Evil drives Macbeth to later kill Banquo and Fleance for fear they know hat Macbeth was the murderer. One evil lead to another, for if he had not done evil by killing Duncan then he would not have done evil with the death of his best friend and his son. All the evil they committed to gain power, which was what they always wanted, led to great sorrow. They realized that the dead were much happier. While Macbeth and his wife were wracked with guilt and paranoia, Duncan was seen as the lucky in the eyes of Macbeth. He did not have any threats and was much safer than Macbeth who is feared losing his throne. Macbeth made these feelings clear when he said, â€Å"In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grace;/ After life’s fitful fever he sleeps well. / Treason has done his worst; nor steel, nor poison,/ Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing,/ Can touch him further. † Macbeth, soon killed by Macduff, now, too, can rest with worry. Lady Macbeth was also troubled by feelings of guilt. In her sleep she screams, â€Å"Out, damned spot! Out, I say! †¦/Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him. † Lady Macbeth is suffering from a dieses which she created from evil. Trouble and suffering have come into their lives in the place of power. Lady Macbeth ultimately kills herself, ending up in a state of peace without worries along with her husband. Macbeth is a basically good man who is troubled by his conscience and loyalty though at the same time is struggling with evils of ambition and murder. He is led to evil initially by the witches’ predictions and then by his wife’s goading, which he succumbs to because of his love for her. Lady Macbeth rids herself of any kindness that might stand in the way and fills that void with evil to achieve her ambitions. In both cases evil becomes controlling so much that both of there normal lives are ruined.

The Ideas of Beverly Thompson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ideas of Beverly Thompson - Essay Example This means that the conception of identity is a political issue. In as much as Thompson may deny the existence of an established order of identities, the society will otherwise place her in a given ethnic disposition that makes it easy for her to receive treatment according to her defined identity. In a case of a marriage between a white and an Asian, the American society is highly likely to define Thompson as an Asian. This is because the dominant white culture may be less willing to accept a different identity other than the established one that places them at the highest level. On the other hand, the Asian community, in spite of mild rejection, may accept her because such an ethnic group has limited power over the aligning of sociopolitical identities. Such an analysis means that the conception and formation of an identity is a complex factor that may supersede the individual because the society sets the same. The author performs a useful task of self-identity analysis. This issue is illustrated in the memoirs of the US president, Barack Obama, who was born of a biracial heritage. Self-identity formation is a painstaking and intensely emotional process that involves choosing a single identity from particular options. Thompson declares that she has to live her life as an Asian American because that is the only thing that she truly is. Such a decision ignores the individual’s limited power at choosing one’s identity. This occurs as the society makes social prescriptions within which individuals are grouped.

Rolls royce anual report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rolls royce anual report - Coursework Example The external auditor of the company has given an opinion according to which the group financial statements of the company present a true and fair view for the financial year ending December 31, 2012. The auditor reports states that the group financial statements are adequately prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) and Companies Act 2006. It is also mentioned in the audit report that the financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) as adopted by European Union. The audit report forms an integral part of the financial statements of a company, especially a public listed company. The primary purpose of the audit report is to bring into the knowledge of the users of the financial statements whether these financial statements are prepared in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. [Readyratios.com (2011)] Users of the financial statement usually do not have the time to thoroughly analyze the authenticity of the financial statements. They take reliance of from the audit report that whether the financial statements are giving a true and fair view or not. ... 69% 3% Current ratio 1.33 1.2 1.70 Inventory turnover period 109 days 112 days 50 days Payables’ turnover period 247 days 262 days 20 days Gearing ratio 1.967 2.634 4% P/E ratio 7.1 16.43 9.0 x Answer to Question No. 4 2012 2011 Variation % variation Change in million ? Sales 12,161 11,124 1,037 9.32% Rise Operating Profit 1,373 1,186 187 15.77% Rise Share Price (pence) 874 755 118 15.66% Rise Answer to Question No. 5 During the current financial year, the return on equity (ROE) has considerably increased during the current financial year. The return on equity is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to shareholders by the shareholders equity. [Investopedia, 2012] The ratio is quite essential from the investor’s point of view as it represents how well a company is earning on its shareholder equity, which mainly comprises of issued capital and retained earnings. The ROE of the company has increased during the financial year 2011 which is due to the fact that the net profit of Rolls Royce has increase by a staggering 170% as it increased from 848 million to 2,295 million. The main reason behind this increase in the net profit is one unusual item of 669 million which is due to the disposal of a segment of the business during the current financial year. It would also be worth mentioning that the sales and operating profit of the company has increased by 9.32% and 15.77% during the current financial year. These escalations in figures have further accentuated the return on equity during the current year. The ratio is better than the industry average which is a sign for positive financial outlook. The gross profit has increased marginally during the current financial year. The reason behind the marginal increase in the gross profit margin is the fact that

Organic production and sustainable agribusiness Term Paper

Organic production and sustainable agribusiness - Term Paper Example This was an important step towards achieving long-run sustainability in the industry. The development can be studied in the context of various economies of the world. For example, the agricultural and food sector of Europe has always been known for its quality and strong foundation. This industry in the continent functions according to the regulations of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which is implemented in all the countries of the European Union. Following this common model, the member nations have been able to promote agricultural growth in their own respective economies which has been able to satisfy the food demand of the European citizens and also generate some surplus produce for exporting to the foreign economies. Europe has set a very high standard of agricultural production based on the framework of the CAP. The importance of regulations and standardizations related to any industry is sometimes undermined thinking that they usually produce a hindrance to the growth of the industry. However, this notion is not always correct. It is an accepted fact that Europe’s CAP has been successful in harnessing the true potential of the food and agricultural sector of the continent. Europe is already reforming its CAP and plans to incorporate the amended version from 2013 onwards in the Europe 2020 Strategy. The new CAP will focus on building a self-sufficient agricultural sector which ensures food security, uses natural resources in a more sustainable method way and specially concentrates on the progress of the rural sector. Therefore, the reformed CAP will contribute significantly towards the overall Europe 2020 Strategy which would aim at the sustainable and inclusive development of the entire European Union. One of the major instruments of the CAP is its â€Å"policy on the information provision and promotion measures for agricultural products. The reform process of the CAP would involve a fundamental review of this policy. (European Commission 2 011) During the course of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association’s (IFAMA) 20th Forum, Professor Ray Goldberg predicted that the sector issuing standards and certification for the food and agricultural sector would emerge as the most dynamic sector during the next decade. Governments of various countries and many of the food companies concentrate on building their internal capacities and ensuring that they conform to the regulations in the sector. Alternatively, retailers in this sector are more focused on obtaining standard compliance through certification. In January 2011, global food prices were reported at their highest level since 1990. This produced a variety of effects in the different economies of the world – decreasing food supplies, high inflation and an overall adverse impact on economic growth and development in most countries. These effects were magnified in food deficit countries which had low per capital income. In such a situatio n, the formulation of adequate property rights and obligations for the organic food and agricultural sector assumes a huge importance. For this the concerned policy makers need to understand the futures market in agriculture, the formation of prices in this sector and the price movements. Experts are also considering the fact whether the industry requires increased rules and regulations for achieving sustainability. (IFAMA 2011) Greening Economy and the Organic Food and Agricultural Sector