Water Level Warning by Gsm

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Our correct vagabond is base upon Embedded agreements. In this project we be exploitation sm wholly ascendency which ticks solely the operations in regarding the direct of water depict in the jam. For this extremity we require the comp ints such(prenominal) as micro ascendence, GSM modem, control circumferencery, forefinger hand over and trio detectors. These three sensors atomic number 18 determined in three divers(a) doorstep ascertains and ar machine-accessible to the ascendance.If for suppose the train of water is being increase in the dam, and consequently immediately when the water aim crossed the sensor at level-1, the entropy is passed to the controller and then the controller checks for the precaution management which is habituated a by the developer and forwards it to the GSM modem. The modem immediately sends that contri justionicular SMS to the erratics for which it is depute saying that the water system leve l has crossed the brink level-1. The dictatorial give away of the water level is withal d ace by the controller with the book of instructions devoted by the developer.This includes the operations such as the subjugate of gate to be handed, the number of threshold levels that ar crossed. In this surgical operation the controller checks the number of threshold levels that argon crossed and according to that the gates atomic number 18 being controlled. 1. 1 Embedded System Embedded t die hardks ar electronic thingumajigs that incorpo vagabond microprocessors with in their implementations. Embedded organisations conventi whizrs usu tot tout ensembleyy wee-wee a signifi dopet grasp of hardwargon technologies. They ingestion specific broadcastming languages and bundle to develop embedded constitutions and manipulate the equipment.Embedded system of ruless often use a (relatively) remit processor and sm totally memory sizing to minimize costs. An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely encapsulated by or dedicated to the invention or system it controls. Un resembling a all-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system per painss 1 or a fewer pre-defined tasks, usually with truly specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers lav optimize it, reducing the size of it and cost of the product. Embedded systems atomic number 18 often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. . 2 GSM Technology world(prenominal) System for wandering(a) Communication (GSM) is a wane of ETSI standards specifying the infrastructure for a digital kioskular helper. GSM (Global System for supple communicating) is a digital peregrine tele mobilise system that is widely utilise in m e real(prenominal)(prenominal) part of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the to the highest degree widely utilise of the three digital wire slight telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses info, then sends it put vote out a channel with devil opposite streams of user selective instruction, some(prenominal)ly in its own clip reeferg slot.GSM operates in the 900MHz, 1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands. GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the applied science that underpins or so of the worlds brisk phone net cut backs. The GSM platform is a hugely successful wireless technology and an unprecedented myth of global achievement and cooperation. GSM has be go far the worlds fastest growing communications technology of all metre and the leading global industrious standard, spanning 218 countries. GSM is an blossom out, digital cellular technology habituate for transmitting mobile voice and information divine serfeeblenesss. GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1. GHz bands GSM sup sorts info transmit speeds of up to 9. 6 kbps, al asideseting the transmittance of staple fibre data services such as SMS. Everyday, millions of people atomic number 18 devising phone calls by pressing a few buttons. Little is cognize ab verboten how one persons voice r distributivelyes the another(prenominal) persons phone that is thou horse senses of miles away. Even less is cognize about the credential measures and protection behind the system. The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people depress sending textual matter messages and digital pictures to their friends and family. The cell phone is s scurvyly gimmicking into a hand-held computer.All the features and advancements in cell phone technology require a gumption to sup sort it. When a mobile subscriber roams into a new stance ara (new VLR), the VLR automatically determines that it moldiness update the HLR with the new posture tuition, which it does utilize an SS7 localisation of function Update Request Message. The Location Update Message is routed to the HLR by the SS7 nedeucerk, based on the global title translation of the IMSI that is stored within the SCCP Called companionship Address mienion of the message. The HLR responds with a message that informs the VLR whether the subscriber should be provided service in the new location. . 3 micro controller Microcontrollers as the learn suggests ar small controllers. They argon kindred virtuoso(a) stoppage computers that atomic number 18 often embedded into other systems to function as processing/ irresponsible unit. Microcontroller A iodine bit employ to control other devices. some(prenominal)(prenominal) microcomputer system requires memory to store a taking over of instructions devising up a program, parallel behavior wine or ordered port for communicating with an away system, timekeeper / counter for control purposes give c atomic number 18 generating time determines, Baud rate for the resultant port, apart from the compulsory unit called the Central Pro cessing Unit.CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 2. 1 hedge diagram and description pic build 2. 1 B fling Diagram of dam level warning utilize GSM SMS In this block diagram we are use microcontroller, GSM modem, gas crystal display, personnel bring, MAX-232, control lickry, liquid level indicator. These all are mentioned down the stairs. Description The briny aim is to send SMS when ever the water level crosses the threshold level. And necessary precautions are taken when ever the water exceeds the expire level. To send an SMS to the c at a timerned person we take accredited steps to follow.In-order to work with any circumstancess basic requirement is tycoon planning. Now the aim is to design the ply supply portion which exchanges 230V AC in to 5V DC. Since 230V AC is overly high to reduce it to directly 5V DC, thitherfore we take away a weaken transformer that reduces the promissory note emf to certain electromotive force that allow help us to modify it in t o a 5V DC. There are numerous fictitious scorchacters of business office supply. Most are designed to substitute high electric potential AC primary(prenominal)s electricity to a suitable low potentiality supply for electronics circuits and other devices.A antecedent supply derriere by broken down into a series of blocks, to all(prenominal) one of which performs a incident function. This power supply is touch baseed to the micro controller. In a very simplistic form, a micro-controller system sens be viewed as a system that take ins from (monitors) foreplays, performs processing and writes to (controls) outputs. Micro controllers are useful to the extent that they sink with other devices, such as sensors, motors, throw offes, discernpads, displays, memory and scour other micro-controllers. Next input should be given to the microcontroller it is done by the level indicator. train indicator has certain levels when the water touches the different levels of level in dicator the micro controller takes the input as the level indicator is committed to the ports. This development is displayed on the liquid crystal display. When the LCD is ON the GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) dispirits spark by sending close to commands to the microcontroller. For communication with the micro controller MAX 232 is employ. This is utilize to modify the emf level that is ask for GSM, then the SMS is passed to the person or concerned authority apply the GSM.For controlling the system we are using motors. Motors act as occurs, which is an ON forth switch. Through this relay race action the motors work and controlling of the gates rear end be done. Hardware components 1. Power supply 2. micro controller 3. level indicator 4. MAX 232 5. GSM(Global system for Mobile communication) Modem 6. LCD(liquid quartz glass display) 7. control system 2. 2 Power supply The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronics circuits and other devices.A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, from from each one one(prenominal) of which performs a particular function. A d. c power supply which maintains the output voltage unalterable irrespective of a. c mains fluctuations or load variations is known as ad save D. C Power Supply. For example a 5V ad honorable power supply system as shown below pic image 2. 2 5V regulated power supply system The regulated DC output is very smooth with no ripple. It is suitable for all electronic circuits. 2. 2. 1 Transformer Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to a nonher with little press release of power.Transformers work nevertheless with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is AC. step to the fore transformers increase voltage, step-down transformers reduce voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage (230V in UK) to a safer low voltage. Transformers waste very little power so the power out is (almost) equal to the power in. Note that as voltage is stepped down current is stepped up. 2. 2. 2 Rectifier A circuit which is use to convert a. c to dc is known as rectifier. The process of conversion a. c to d. is called correction Types of rectifier Half wave Rectifier Full wave rectifier 1. Centre tap replete wave rectifier. 2. Bridge type full duad circuit rectifier. Bridge Rectifier A bridge rectifier actualises use of four diodes in a bridge locating to achieve full-wave rectification. This is a widely used configuration, both with indivi dickensfold diodes fit out as shown and with single component bridges where the diode bridge is fit indispensablely. A bridge rectifier begets use of four diodes in a bridge arrangement as shown in fig below to achieve full-wave rectification.This is a widely used configuration, both with individual diodes wired as shown and with single comp onent bridges where the diode bridge is wired internally. pic material body 2. 2. 2 Bridge Rectifier arrangement 2. 2. 3 Filter A Filter is a device which demands the a. c component of rectifier output but allows the d. c component to reach the load. We obligate seen that the ripple content in the rectify output of half wave rectifier is 121% or that of full-wave or bridge rectifier or bridge rectifier is 48% such high percentages of ripples is not acceptable for most of the acts.Ripples can be get outd by one of the following method actings of filtering. A capacitor, in parallel to the load, provides an easier by pass for the ripples voltage though it due to low impedance. At ripple frequency and leave the d. c. to come ons the load. An inductor, in series with the load, prevents the transit of the ripple current (due to high impedance at ripple frequency) magic spell allowing the d. c (due to low resistance to d. c) 2. 2. 4 Regulator Voltage regulator ICs is available w ith fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages. The hurrying limit current they can pass similarly rates them.Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection from excessive current (overload protection) and overheating ( caloric protection). Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the right. The LM7805 is simple to use. You barely connect the positive lead of your unregulated DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the Input pin, connect the negative lead to the Common pin and then when you turn on the power, you get a 5 volt supply from the output pin.Regulator eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage. pic Fig 2. 2. 4 Regulator 2. 3 Micro controller (AT89C51) In this project work we are using AT89C51 micro-controller. This micro-controller plays a major(ip) role. Micro-cont rollers were authenticly used as components in complicated process-control systems. However, because of their small size and low price, Micro-controllers are now in any case being used in regulators for individual control loops. In several knowledge domains Micro-controllers are now outperforming their running(a) counterparts and are cheaper as well.A Micro controller consists of a powerful mainframe tightly distichd with memory get up, ROM or EPROM), various I / O features such as Serial ports, Parallel appearances, timekeeper/Counters, dismantle Controller, selective information Acquisition interfaces-Analog to Digital converter (ADC), Digital to Analog Converter (ADC), allthing structured onto a single Silicon Chip. It does not mean that any micro controller should view all the above said features on chip, Depending on the need and area of application for which it is designed, The ON-CHIP features play in it whitethorn or whitethorn not include all the individual fu nction said above.Any microcomputer system requires memory to store a sequence of instructions making up a program, parallel port or resultant port for communicating with an external system, timer / counter for control purposes like generating time impedes, Baud rate for the ensuant port, apart from the controlling unit called the Central Processing Unit 2. 3. 1 Features 1. 8 human activity CPU optimized for control applications 2. Extensive Boolean processing ( hotshot bit Logic) Capabilities. 3. On Chip Flash Program Memory 4. On Chip entropy RAM 5. Bi-directional and Individually Addressable I/O Lines 6. Multiple 16-Bit timer/Counters . Full Duplex UART 8. Multiple Source / Vector / Priority upset Structure 9. On Chip Oscillator and Clock circuitry. 10. On Chip EEPROM 11. oneness Serial communication port 2. 3. 2 Block diagram of 89C51 Fig 2. 3. 2 Block diagram of microcontroller 89C51 SERIES 89C51 Family, TECHNOLOGY CMOS This microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM,4K bytes of on-chip ROM, cardinal timers, one successive port and 4 ports(each 8-bits wide)all on single chip. At that time it was also referred to as a system on a chip. The 8051 is an 8-bit processor, meaning that the CPU can work on only 8-bits of data at time. Data larger than 8-bits has to be broken into 8-bit pieces to be process by the CPU. The 8051 can remove a maximum of 64K bytes of ROM, more manufacturers have put only 4Kbytes on chip. The P89C51 provides the following standard features 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O position of merchandises, two 16-bit timer/counters, cardinal vector two-level breach architecture, a full duplex serial port, and on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the P89C51 is designed with inactive system of logic for operation down to zero frequenc and supports two software product selectable power saving modes.The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and pause system to con tinue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the near hardware readapt. 2. 3. 3 Memory organization Program Memory flesh below shows a map of the lower part of the program memory. afterwards reset, the CPU begins execution from location 0000H. As shown in fig. , each disrupt is depute a fixed location in program memory. The disturb causes the CPU to jump to that location, where it executes the service routine. immaterial Interrupt 0, for example, is assigned to location 0003H. If External Interrupt 0 is used, its service routine must begin at location 0003H. If the interrupt is not used, its service location is available as general purpose. Program memory shell outes are al shipway 16 bits wide, even though the actual amount o program memory used whitethorn be less than 64Kbytes. External program execution sacrifices two of the 8-bit ports, P0 and P2, to the function of denotationing the p rogram memory. pic Fig 2. 3. 3 Program Memory 2. 3. 4 Pin diagram of 89C51 pic Fig 2. 3. 4 Pin Diagram of AT89C51 2. . 5 Pin description Vcc Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. The voltage tooth root is +5v. Gnd Pin 20 is the run aground. Ports 0, 1, 2 and 3 As shown in pin diagram the four ports P0, P1, P2, and P3 each use of 8 pins making the 8-bit ports. All the ports upon Reset are put together as input, since P0-P3 have FFH on them. Port 0 Port 0 occupies a total of 8 pins (pins 32-33). It can be used for input or output. Port0 is also designated as AD0-AD7, allowing it to be used for both address and data. When connecting an 8051/31 to an external memory, port 0 provides both address and data.The 8051 multiplexes address and data by means of port 0 to save pins. ALE=0, it provides data D0-D7, but when ALE=1, it has address A0-A7. Therefore, ALE is used for demultiplexing address address and data with the help of a 74LS373 latch. In the 8051-based systems where the re is no external memory link, the pins of P0 must be connected externally to a 10k ohm rive resistor. This is due to the fact that P0 is an Open fail, Unlike P1, P2, P3. Open drain is a term used for Mos chips in the same way that open collector is used for TTL chips.In many systems using the 8751, 89C51, or DS89C4x0 chips, we normally connect P0 to pull-up resistors. With external pull-up resistors connected to P0, it can be used as a simple I/O port, honest like P1 and P2. In contrast to Port 0, ports p1, p2, and p3 do not need any pull-up resistors since they already have pull-up resistors internally. Upon reset, ports p1, p2, ad p3 are configured as input ports. Port 1 Port 1 occupies a total of 8-pins (pins1-8). It can be used as input or output. In contrast to port 0, this port does not need any pull-up resistors since it already has pull-up resistors internally.Upon reset, port1 is configured as an input port. Port 2 Port 2 occupies a total 8 pins (pins 21-28). It can be used as input or output. However, in 8031-based systems, port2 is also designatedas A8-A15, indicating its dual function. Since an 8051/31 is capable of accessing 64K bytes of external memory, it ask a mode for the 16 bits of the address. While P0 provides the lower 8 bits via A0-A7, it is the job of p2 is used for the upper 8 bits of the 16-bit address, and it cannot be used for I/O. Just like P1, port 2 does not need any pull-up resistors since it already has pull-up resistors internally.Upon reset, port2 is configured as an input port. Port 3 Port 3 occupies a total of 8 pins (pins 10-17). It can be used as input or output. P3 does not need any pull-up resistors, near as P1 and P2 did not. Although Port 3 is configured as an input port upon reset, this is not the way it is most commonly used. Port 3 has the redundant function of providing some extremely important signals such as interrupts. The below table provides these alternate functions of P3. This is information applies to both 8051 and 8031 chips. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification. RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine unit of ammunitions while the oscillator is running resets the device. ALE/PROG Prior to each reading from external memory, the microcontroller will set the lower address byte (A0-A7) on P0 and immediately after that activates the output ALE. Upon receiving signal from the ALE pin, the external indicate (74HCT373 or 74HCT375 circuit is usually embedded) memorizes the state of P0 and uses it as an address for memory chip. In the second part of the microcontrollers machine cycle, a signal on this pin stops being emitted and P0 is used now for data transmission system (Data Bus). In his way, by means of only one additional (and cheap) integrated circuit, data multiplexing from the port is performed. This port at the same time used for data and address transmission. PSEN Program Store Enable is the read strobe light to exte rnal program memory. When the AT89C51 is executing commandment from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, besides that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. EA/VPP External Access Enable (EA). EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch statute from external program memory locations cabbageing at 0000H up to FFFFH.Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt VPP. XTAL1 and XTAL2 The 8051 has an on-chip oscillator but requires an external clock to run it. Most often a quartz crystal oscillator is connected to inputs XTAL1 (pin19) and XTAL2 (pin18). The quartz crystal oscillator connected to XTAL1 and XTAL2 also needs two capacitors of 30pf value. One position of each capacitor is connected to the ground.It must be noted that there are various speeds of the 8051 family. Speed refers to the maximum oscillator frequency connected to XTAL. For example, a 12-MHz chip must be connected to a crystal with 12 MHz frequency of no more than 20 MHz. When the 8051 is connected to a crystal oscillator and is powered up, we can observe the frequency on the XTAL2 pin using the oscilloscope. 2. 3. 6 Timers On-chip timing/counting facility has proved the capabilities of the microcontroller for implementing the reliable time application. These includes pulse counting, frequency measurement, pulse width measurement, baud rate eneration, etc,. Having sufficient number of timer/counters may be a need in a certain design application. The 8051 has two timers/counters. They can be used either as timers to generate a time delay or as counters to count events happening outside the microcontroller. Let demonstrate how these timers are used to generate time delays a nd we will also address how they are been used as event counters. 2. 3. 7 Polling In polling the microcontroller perpetually monitors the status of a given device when the status human body is met, it performs the service .After that, it moves on to monitor the next device until each one is serviced. Although polling can monitor the status of several devices and serve each of them as certain condition are met. 2. 3. 8 Interrupts In the interrupts method, whenever any device needs its service, the device notifies the microcontroller by sending it an interrupts signal. Upon receiving an interrupt signal, the microcontroller interrupts whatever it is doing and serves the device. The program associated with the interrupts is called the interrupt service routine (ISR). or interrupt handler.Six Interrupts in the 8051 1. In reality, only five interrupts are available to the user in the 8051, but many manufacturers data sheets state that there are six interrupts since they include reset . the six interrupts in the 8051 are allocated as above. 2. Reset. When the reset pin is activated, the 8051 jumps to address location 0000. this is the power-up reset. 3. Two interrupts are set aside for the timers one for Timer 0 and one for Timer 1. Memory location 000BH and 001BH in the interrupt vector table belong to Timer 0 and Timer 1, respectively. 4.Two interrupts are set aside for hardware external harder interrupts. Pin number 5. 12(P3. 2) and 13(P3. 3) in port 3 are for the external hardware interrupts INT0 and INT1,respectively. These external interrupts are also referred to as EX1 and EX2. Memory location 0003H and 0013H in the interrupt vector table are assigned to INT0 and INT1, respectively. 6. Serial communication has a single interrupt that belongs to both receive and transmit. The interrupt vector table location 0023H belongs to this interrupt. 2. 3. 9 Registers In the CPU, records are used to store information temporarily.That information could be a byte of da ta to be processed, or an address pointing to the data to be fetched. The vast majority of 8051 registers are 8bit registers. In the 8051 there is only one data type 8bits. The 8bits of a register are should in the diagram from the MSB (most significant bit) D7 to the LSB (least significant bit) D0. With an 8-bit data type, any data larger than 8bits must be broken into 8-bit chunks earlier it is processed. Since there are a large number of registers in the 8051, we will concentrate on some of the widely used general-purpose registers. D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 The most widely used registers of the 8051 are A(accumulator), B, R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, DPTR(data pointer), and PC(program counter). All of the above registers are 8-bits, except DPTR and the program counter. The accumulator, register A, is used for all arithmetic and logic instructions. 2. 3. 10 Serial communication Computers can pitch data in two ways parallel and serial.In parallel data transfers, often 8 or mor e lines (wire make outors) are used to transfer data to a device that is only a few feet away. Examples of parallel transfers are printers and hard disks each uses demarcations with many wire strips. Although in such cases a lot of data can be transferred in a short amount of time by using many wires in parallel, the distance cannot be great. To transfer to a device located many meters away, the serial method is used. In serial communication, the data is direct one bit at a time, in contrast to parallel communication, in which the data is sent a byte or more at a time.Serial communication of the 8051 is the topic of this chapter. The 8051 has serial communication capability built into it, there by making possible fast data transfer using only a few wires. Serial data communication uses two methods, asynchronous and synchronous. The synchronous method transfers a block of data at a time, while the asynchronous method transfers a single byte at a time. The 8051 transfers and recei ves data serially at many different baud rates. The baud rate in the 8051 is programmable. This is done with the help of Timer1. The 8051 divides the crystal frequency by 12 to get the machine cycle frequency.The 8051s serial communication UART circuitry divides the machine cycle frequency of 921. 6 kHz divided by 32 once more out front it is used by Timer 1 to set the Baud rate. SBUF register SBUF is an 8-bit register used solely for serial communication in the 8051. For a byte of data to be transferred via the TXD line, it must be lay in the SBUF register. Similarly, SBUF holds the byte of data when it is true by the 8051s RXD line. SBUF can be accessed like any other register in the 8051. The moment a byte is indite into SBUF, it is framed with the start and stop bits and transferred serially via the TXD pin.Similarly, when the bits are received serially via RXD, the 8051 defames it by eliminating the stop and start bits, making a byte out of the data received, and then placi ng it in the SBUF. SCON (serial control) register The SCON register is an 8-bit register used to program the start bit, stop bit, and data bits of data framing, among other things. deal In mode0 the data transmission in form of pulse train automatically starts on the pin RXD at the moment the data has been written to the SBUF register. In fact, this process starts after any instruction being performed on this register.Upon all 8 bits have been sent, the bit TI in the SCON register is automatically set. In mode1 a sequence for data transmission via serial communication is automatically started upon the data has been written to the SBUF register. End of 1 byte transmission is indicated by setting the TI bit in the SCON register. In mode2 TI (transmit interrupt) is bit D1 of the SCON register. This is an extremely important flag bit in the SCON register. When the 8051 finishes the transfer of the 8-bit character, it raises the TI flag to indicate that it is ready to transfer another b yte.The TI bit is raised at the beginning of the stop bit. Receive In mode0 data receiving starts through the pin RXD once two necessary conditions are met bit REN=1 and RI=0 (both bits reside in the SCON register). Upon 8 bits have been received, the bit RI (register SCON) is automatically set, which indicates that one byte is received. In mode1 data receiving starts as currently as the START bit (logic zero (0)) appears on the pin RXD. The condition is that bit REN=1and bit RI=0. Both of them are stored in the SCON register. The RI bit is automatically set upon receiving has been completed.In mode2 RI (receive interrupt) is the D0 of the SCON register. This is another extremely important flag bit in the SCON register. When the 8051 receives data serially via RXD, it gets rid of the start and stop bits and places the byte in the SBUF register. therefore it raises the RI flag bit to indicate that a byte has been received and should be picked up before it is lost. RI is raised half way through the stop bit. 2. 4 take aim Indicator train indicator is used to indicate the different water levels in the dams. Liquid level indicator is used to indicate the water present at what level. present we are considering three level Low level . Medium level and High level, as the liquid level increases a message is sent to the concern person regard level of water. The main purpose of this level indicator is it checks the water level and gives the input information to micro controller. 2. 5 MAX 232 The MAX232 from Maxim was the first IC which in one package contains the necessary device drivers (two) and receivers (also two), to adapt the RS-232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic. It became popular, because it just needs one voltage (+5V) and generates the necessary RS-232 voltage levels (approx. 10V and +10V) internally. This greatly change the design of circuitry. Circuitry designers no eight-day need to design and build a power supply with three voltages (e. g. -12V, + 5V, and +12V), but could just provide one +5V power supply, e. g. with the help of a simple 7805 voltage converter. The MAX232 has a successor, the MAX232A. The ICs are almost identical, however, the MAX232A is much more often used (and easier to get) than the maestro MAX232, and the MAX232A only needs external capacitors 1/10th the capacity of what the original MAX232 needs.It should be noted that the MAX 232(A) is just a driver/receiver. It does not generate the necessary RS-232 sequence of marks and spaces with the right timing, it does not decode the RS-232 signal, and it does not provide a serial/parallel conversion. All it does is to convert signal voltage levels. The MAX 232(A) has two receivers (converts from RS-232 to TTL voltage levels) and two drivers (converts from TTL logic to RS-232 voltage levels). This means only two of the RS-232 signals can be converted in each direction. The old MC1488/1498 combo provided four drivers and receivers.The MAX232 is a dual driver/re ceiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply EIA-232 voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each receiver converts EIA-232 inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1. 3 V and a typical hysteresis of 0. 5 V, and can accept 30-V inputs. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into EIA-232 levels. The RS232 standard is not TTL compatible therefore, it requires a line driver such as the MAX232 chip to convert RS232 voltage levels to TTL levels, and vice versa.The interfacing of 8051 with RS232 connectors via the MAX232 chip is the main topic. The 8051 has two pins that are used specifically for transferring and receiving data serially. These two pins are called TXD and RXD and a part of the port 3 group (P3. 0 and P3. 1). Pin 11 of the 8051 is assigned to TXD and pin 10 is designated as RXD. These pins are TTL compatible therefore, they require a line driver to make them RS232 compatible. One such line driver is the MAX232 chip. pi c Fig 2. 5 8051 connection to RS232 MAX232 converts from RS232 voltage levels to TTL voltage levels, and vice versa.One good of the MAX232 chip is that it uses a +5V power source which, is the same as the source voltage for the 8051. In the other words, with a single +5V power supply we can power both the 8051 and MAX232, with no need for the power supplies that are common in many older systems. The MAX232 has two sets of line drivers for transferring and receiving data. The line drivers used for TXD are called T1 and T2, while the line drivers for RXD are designated as R1 and R2. In many applications only one of each is used. 2. 6 GSM (Global system for mobile communication) ModemA modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the contractable information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digit al data. A GSM modem is a specialize type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. A GSM modem can be an external modem device, such as the Wavecom FASTRACK Modem.Insert a GSM SIM card into this modem, and connect the modem to an available serial port on your computer. A GSM modem can be a PC mentality readyed in a notebook computer, such as the Nokia Card Phone. A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the prehend cable and software driver to connect to a serial port on your computer. Phones such as the Nokia 7110 with a DLR-3 cable, or various Ericsson phones, are often used for this purpose. A dedicated GSM modem (external or PC Card) is usually preferable to a GSM mobile phone.This is because of some compatibility issues that can make it with mobile phones. For example, if you wish to be able to receiv e inbound MMS messages with your gateway, and you are using a mobile phone as your modem, you must utilize a mobile phone that does not support WAP push or MMS. This is because the mobile phone automatically processes these messages, without forwarding them via the modem interface. Similarly some mobile phones will not allow you to correctly receive SMS text messages longer than 160 bytes (known as concatenated SMS or long SMS).This is because these long messages are rattling sent as separate SMS messages, and the phone attempts to reassemble the message before forwarding via the modem interface. (Weve observed this latter problem utilizing the Ericsson R380, while it does not appear to be a problem with many other Ericsson models. ) When you install your GSM modem, or connect your GSM mobile phone to the computer, be sure to install the appropriate Windows modem driver from the device manufacturer. To simplify configuration, the Now SMS/MMS Gateway will promulgate with the device via this driver.An additional benefit of utilizing this driver is that you can use Windows diagnostics to ensure that the modem is communicating properly with the computer. The Now SMS/MMS gateway can at the same time support multiple modems, provided that your computer hardware has the available communications port resources. 2. 6. 1 Architecture of GSM net income A GSM communicate is serene of several functional entities, whose functions and interfaces are specified. Figure 1 shows the layout of a generic GSM network. The GSM network can be divided into three broad parts. The Mobile post is carried by the subscriber.The Base invest Subsystem controls the piano tuner link with the Mobile brand. The profit Subsystem, the main part of which is the Mobile services electrical switch warmness (multiple sclerosis), performs the switching of calls amidst the mobile users, and between mobile and fixed network users. The multiple sclerosis also handles the mobility management op erations. Not shown are the Operations A GSM network is composed of several functional entities, whose functions and interfaces are specified. Figure shows the layout of a generic GSM network. The GSM network can be divided into three broad parts. proofreader carries the Mobile Station. The Base Station Subsystem controls the radio link with the Mobile Station. The Network Subsystem, the main part of which is the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC), performs the switching of calls between the mobile users, and between mobile and fixed network users. The MSC also handles the mobility management operations. Not shown is the Operations intendance Center, which oversees the proper operation and setup of the network. The Mobile Station and the Base Station Subsystem communicate across the Um interface, also known as the air interface or radio link.The Base Station Subsystem communicates with the Mobile services Switching Center across the A interface. pic Fig 2. 6. 1 General architect ure of a GSM network Mobile Station The mobile station (MS) consists of the mobile equipment (the termination) and a smart card called the indorser Identity Module (SIM). The SIM provides personal mobility, so that the user can have access to subscribed services irrespective of a specific terminal. By inserting the SIM card into another GSM terminal, the user is able to receive calls at that terminal, make calls from that terminal, and receive other subscribed services.The mobile equipment is uniquely identified by the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). The SIM card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) used to identify the subscriber to the system, a secret key for authentication, and other information. The IMEI and the IMSI are independent, thereby allowing personal mobility. The SIM card may be saved against unofficial use by a password or personal identity number. Base Station Subsystem The Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts, the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Base Station Controller (BSC).These communicate across the standardized Abis interface, allowing (as in the rest of the system) operation between components do by different suppliers. The Base Transceiver Station houses the radio transceivers that define a cell and handles the radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station. In a large urban area, there will potentially be a large number of BTSs deployed, then the requirements for a BTS are ruggedness, reliability, portability, and minimum cost. The Base Station Controller manages the radio resources for one or more BTSs. It handles radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, and handovers, as described below.The BSC is the connection between the mobile station and the Mobile service Switching Center (MSC). Network Subsystem The central component of the Network Subsystem is the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC). It acts like a normal switching node of the PSTN or ISDN, and additionally prov ides all the functionality inevitable to handle a mobile subscriber, such as registration, authentication, location updating, handovers, and call routing to a roaming subscriber. These services are provided in conjunction with several functional entities, which together form the Network Subsystem.The MSC provides the connection to the fixed networks (such as the PSTN or ISDN). Signalling between functional entities in the Network Subsystem uses Signalling System Number 7 (SS7), used for trunk signalling in ISDN and widely used in current public networks. The Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitor Location Register (VLR), together with the MSC, provide the call-routing and roaming capabilities of GSM. The HLR contains all the administrative information of each subscriber registered in the corresponding GSM network, along with the current location of the mobile.The location of the mobile is typically in the form of the signaling address of the VLR associated with the mobile as a d istributed database station. The actual routing social function will be described later. There is logically one HLR per GSM network, although it may be implemented The Visitor Location Register (VLR) contains selected administrative information from the HLR, necessary for call control and provision of the subscribed services, for each mobile currently located in the geographical area controlled by the VLR.Although each functional entity can be implemented as an independent unit, all manufacturers of switching equipment to date implement the VLR together with the MSC, so that the geographical area controlled by the MSC corresponds to that controlled by the VLR, therefore simplifying the signalling required. Note that the MSC contains no information about particular mobile stations this information is stored in the location registers. The other two registers are used for authentication and security purposes.The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is a database that contains a list of all effectual mobile equipment on the network, where each mobile station is identified by its International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). An IMEI is marked as invalid if it has been inform stolen or is not type approved. The Authentication Center (AuC) is a protected database that stores a copy of the secret key stored in each subscribers SIM card, which is used for authentication and encryption over the radio channel. 2. 6. 2 Smart modem(GSM/GPRS)Analogics GSM Smart Modem is a multi-functional, ready to use, rugged and versatile modem that can be embedded or plugged into any application. The Smart Modem can be customized to various applications by using the standard AT commands. The modem is fully type-approved and can directly be integrated into your projects with any or all the features of Voice, Data, Fax, SMS, and lucre etc. Smart Modem kit contains the following items 1. Analogics GSM/GPRS Smart Modem 2. SMPS based power supply adapter. 3. 3 dBi antenna with cable (opt ional other types) 4. Data cable (RS232) 5. User ManualTemperature Range operate temperature from -200C to +550C Storage temperature from -250C to +700C Installing the modem To install the modem, plug the device on to the supplied SMPS Adapter. For Automotive applications fix the modem permanently using the mounting slots (optional as per your requirement dimensions). Inserting/ Removing the SIM Card To insert or carry away the SIM Card, it is necessary to press the SIM pallbearer ejector button with Sharp edged object like a pen or a needle. With this, the SIM holder comes out a little, then pulls it out and insert or remove the SIM Card picFig 2. 6. 2 Inserting/Removing the sim card into the modem Make sure that the ejector is pushed out completely before accessing the SIM Card holder do not remove the SIM card holder by force or tamper it (it may permanently damage). Place the SIM Card Properly as per the direction of the installation. It is very important that the SIM is pla ced in the right direction for its proper functional condition. Connecting External Antenna Connect GSM Smart Modem to the external antenna with cable end with SMA male. The Frequency of the antenna may be GSM 900/1800 MHz.The antenna may be (0 dbi, 3 dbi or short length L-type antenna) as per the cogitation conditions and signal conditions. DC Supply Connection The Modem will automatically turn ON when connection is given to it. The following is the Power Supply requisite Connecting Modem to external devices RS232 can be used to connect to the external device through the D-SUB/ USB (for USB model only) device that is provided in the modem. 2. 7 LCD (Liquid crystal display) Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials, which combine the properties of both liquids and crystals.Rather than having a thaw point, they have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal . An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in between them. The inner surface of the glass plates are surface with transparent electrodes which define the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers are present in between the electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal molecules to maintain a defined orientation angle.When the LCD is in the off state, light rays are revolve by the two polarisers and the liquid crystal, such that the light rays come out of the LCD without any orientation, and hence the LCD appears transparent. When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules would be aligned in a specific direction. The light rays passing through the LCD would be rotated by the polarisers, which would result in activating/ highlighting the desired characters. The LCD does dont generate light and so light is needed to read the display. By using backlighting, reading is possible in the dark.The LCDs have long life and a wide run temperature range. 2. 7. 1 Pin description of LCD pic VCC, VSS and VEE While VCC and VSS provide +5V and ground respectively, VEE is used for controlling LCD contrast. The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW. EN The EN line is called Enable. This control line is used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data. To send data to the LCD, your program should first set this line high (1) and then set the other two control lines and/or put data on the data bus. RS The RS line is the Register Select line.When RS is low (0), the data is to be enured as a command or special instruction. When RS is high (1), the data that is sent is a text data which should be displayed on the screen. RW The RW line is the Read/Write control line. When RW is low (0), the information on the data bus is being written to the LCD. When RW is high (1), the program is effectively querying (or reading) the LCD. wholly one instructi on (Get LCD status) is a read command. All others are write commands, so RW will almost be low. 2. 7. 2 LCD Interfacing Sending commands and data to LCDs with a time delay pic Fig 2. 6. Interfacing of LCD to a micro controller To send any command from command list to the LCD, make pin RS=0. For data, make RS=1. because sends a high to-low pulse to the E pin to enable the internal latch of the LCD. 2. 8 Control System The controlling is done through the motors. Here relays acts as motors. Arelayis anelectricallyoperatedswitch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism, but other operating principles are also used. Relays find applications where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, ingeminate the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Since relays areswitches, the words applied to switc hes is also applied to relays. A relay will switch one or more celestial poles, each of whose tactile sensations can bethrown and twisted by energizing the coil in one of three ways 1. Normally-open (NO) suffers connect the circuit when the relay is activated the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called a chance variable A contact or make contact. 2.Normally- unsympathetic (NC) contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is activated the circuit is connected when the relay is inactive. It is also called aForm B contact or relegate contact. 3. Change-over (CO), or double-throw (DT), contacts control two circuits one normally-open contact and one normally-closed contact with a common terminal. It is also called aForm Ccontact or transfer contact (break before make). If this type of contact utilizes make before break functionality, then it is called aForm Dcontact. The following designations are commonly encounteredSPST Single Pole Single Throw. These have two terminals which can be connected or disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a relay has four terminals in total. It is ambiguous whether the pole is normally open or normally closed. The terminology SPNO and SPNC is sometimes used to resolve the ambiguity. SPDT Single Pole divalent Throw. A common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total. DPST Double Pole Single Throw. These have two pairs of terminals. identical to two SPST switches or relays actuated by a single coil.Including two for the coil, such a relay has six terminals in total. The poles may be Form A or Form B (or one of each). DPDT Double Pole Double Throw. These have two rows of change-over terminals. Equivalent to two SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Such a relay has eight terminals, including the coil. Here in this project we are using single pole single throw. The relay has 3 pins, 1st pin is connected to the in put, 2nd pin to the output and 3rd pin is connected to the ground. When input is given magnetic flux is generated and the motor starts rotating and the gate will be opened according to the development.Amotor receives power through two or more relays connected to a power source. A switch-operated logic circuit is powered by a relay power source and connects to the relays. To start the motor, the switch is pressed, causing the logic circuit to close the relays sequentially. When all the relays are closed, the motor will start. If the motor starts before the logic circuit closes all of the relays, the motor is stopped and an indication is provided that the relays that have not yet been closed have failed. Otherwise, the motor runs until the switch is pressed again, causing the logic circuit to open the relays and stop the motor.A power relay is a switch that uses anelectromagnetto open or close a circuit. The basic design of a relay utilizes an electromagnet coil, an armature, a spring and one or more contacts. If the power relay is designed to normally be open, the circuit is not completed when in the off state. As power is applied to the power relay, generally from a battery source, the electromagnet attracts the armature, a movable arm often made of iron. The armature, which was held in place by the spring, is pulled in the direction of the coil until it reaches a contact, thus closing the circuit.If the relay is normally closed, then the coil pulls the armature away from the contact, go-ahead the circuit. A power relay can be operated using a low amount of voltage but can also conduct a higher amount of voltage. In our project we are using a sub image able motor that is nothing but a motor. When a motor starts, the phase controller applies power to the windings so that they become magnetized with the polarity that attracts the permenant magnets on the rotor this causes the rotor to begin rotating.As the permanent magnets on the rotor rotate past the electro- magnetic windings the phase controller reverses the polarity on the winding so that the winding repels the permanent magnets on the rotor. As the motor runs, the phase controller keeps switching windings on so that they are always attracting the permanent magnets on the rotor then push the permanent magnets on the rotor this keeps it rotating. CHAPTER 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Fig 3 Schematic Diagram 3. 1 Circuit description This sectionalization gives an overview of the whole circuitry and hardware involved in the project. The required operating voltage for Microcontroller 89C51 is 5V.Hence the 5V D. C. power supply is needed by the same. This regulated 5V is generated by stepping down the voltage from 230V to 12V using step down transformer. Now the step downed a. c voltage is being rectified by the Bridge Rectifier using 1N4007 diodes. The rectified a. c voltage is now filtered using a RC filter. Now the rectified, filtered D. C. voltage is fed to the Voltage Regulator. This voltage regulator provides/allows us to have a Regulated constant Voltage which is of +5V. The rectified filtered and regulated voltage is again filtered for ripples using an electrolytic capacitor 100?F. Now the output from this section is fed to 40th pin of 89c51 microcontroller to supply operating voltage. The microcontroller 89C51 with Pull up resistors at Port0 and crystal oscillator of 11. 0592 MHz crystal in conjunction with couple of 30-33pf capacitors is placed at 18th & 19th pins of 89c51 to make it work (execute) properly. Operating voltage for the GSM modem will depends on its type and an adaptor is provided with the GSM modem set itself. Here in this project various levels in dams are monitored and if they exceed the threshold values a SMS is sent through the concerned person.To perform all these activities first of all different levels should be monitor using liquid level indicators. These level indicators are placed in dam at different levels like level1, level2, level3 etc w henever if any level overflows automatically information is sent to the control section using GSM modem. The controlling part of the water level is also done by the controller through the instructions given by the developer. In this process the controller checks the number of threshold levels that are crossed and according to that the gates are being controlled.When modem receives the message controller will communicate with the modem through serial communication. As we can not directly give the data to the controller due to the voltage level difference between the GSM modem and the controller because GSM modem works on RS 232 logic levels whereas micro controller works on TTL logic levels and also we are using PC in this project which is also a RS 232 logic based. So to have compatibility we are using MAX 232. MAX232 converts from RS232 voltage levels to TTL voltage levels, and vice versa.One advantage of the MAX232 chip is that it uses a +5V power source which, is the same as the source voltage for the 8051. In the other words, with a single +5V power supply we can power both the 8051 and MAX232, with no need for the power supplies. The MAX232 has two sets of line drivers for transferring and receiving data. The line drivers used for TXD are called T1 and T2, while the line drivers for RXD are designated as R1 and R2. By using this to TX and RX pins we are going to communicate with the controller. CHAPTER 4 FLOW CHART TX Loop pic RX Loop pic CHAPTER 5 cooking stove AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTIt can be further enhanced by adding dtmf decipherer to control the gate s of the dam and we send one monosodium glutamate to GSM amd that will be send the water level of the dam. If any unauthorized person tries to control the gate the GSM modem activate and that will pass this information to the authorized person. CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION The project DAM LEVEL precedent employ GSM-SMS has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.Secondly, using super advanced ICs and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented. Finally we conclude that DAM LEVEL WARNING USING GSM-SMS is an emerging field and there is a huge scope for question and development. CHAPTER 7 BIBILOGRAPHY 1. WWW. MITEL. DATABOOK. COM 2. WWW. ATMEL. DATABOOK. COM 3. WWW. FRANKLIN. COM 4. WWW. KEIL. COM 5. WWW. NATIONAL. COM 6. WWW. ATMEL. COM 7. WWW. smallSOFTSEARCH. COM 8. WWW. GEOCITIES. COM 9. 8051-MICRO manoeuverLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM. -Mohd. Mazidi 10. The 8051 Micro controller Architecture, Programming & Applications -Kenneth J.Ayala 11. Fundamentals of Micro processors and Micro computers -B. Ram 12. Micro processor Architecture, Programming & Applications -Ramesh S. Gaonkar 13. Wireless communications -Theodore 14. S. Rappaport Mobile Tele Communica tions -William C. Y. Lee CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX Source code Software used Keil software for c programming About keil software It is possible to create the source files in a text editor such as Notepad, run the Compiler on each C source file, specifying a list of controls, run the Assembler on each Assembler source file, specifying nother list of controls, run either the Library double-decker or Linker (again specifying a list of controls) and finally running the Object-HEX Converter to convert the Linker output file to an Intel Hex turn on. Once that has been completed the Hex File can be downloaded to the target hardware and debugged. Alternatively KEIL can be used to create source files automatically compile, link and covert using options set with an easy to use user interface and finally mock up or perform debugging on the hardware with access to C variables and memory. Unless you have to use the tolls on the command line, the choice is clear.KEIL Greatly simplifies the process o f creating and scrutiny an embedded application The user of KEIL centers on projects. A project is a list of all the source files required to build a single application, all the tool options which specify exactly how to build the application, and if required how the application should be simulated. A project contains enough information to take a set of source files and generate exactly the binary code required for the application. Because of the high degree of flexibility required from the tools, there are many options that can be set to configure the tools to operate in a specific manner.It would be tedious to have to set these options up every time the application is being built therefore they are stored in a project file. Loading the project file into KEIL informs KEIL which source files are required, where they are, and how to configure the tools in the correct way. KEIL can then execute each tool with the correct options. It is also possible to create new projects in KEIL. S ource files are added to the project and the tool options are set as required. The project is reloaded and the simulator or debugger started, all the desired windows are opened. KEIL project files have the extension Simulator/Debugger Coding include include include sbit M1 = P20 sbit M2 = P21 sbit M3 = P22 sbit L1 = P35 sbit L2 = P36 sbit L3 = P37 sbit Buz = P34 void TxMsg(unsigned char *msg,unsigned char *mno) Send(AT+CMGS=) Send(mno) persist_high(2) Send(msg) void main() bit L1_flag=0,L2_flag=0,L3_flag=0 LCD_Init() Disp_Str( peeing direct ) LCD_Cmd(0xC0) Disp_Str(Warning System ) M1=M2=M3=0 Buz = 1 Delay (200) SConfig() While (1) If (L1==0 && L2==1 && L3==1 && L1_flag==0) L1_flag=1 L2_flag=0 L3_flag=0 Buz = 1 M1 = 1 M2 = 0 M3 = 0 LCD_Cmd (0x80) Disp_Str (Water take aim ) LCD_Cmd (0xC0)Disp_Str (** sensitive **) TxMsg (Water take MEDIUM,9951024603) TxMsg (Water Level MEDIUM,9848997946) TxMsg (Water Level MEDIUM,9966644775) TxMsg (Water Level MEDIUM,9299804677) TxMsg (Water Level MEDIUM,9849974776) Delay (200) else If (L1==0 && L2==0 && L3==1 && L2_flag==0) L2_flag=1 L3_flag=0 L1_flag=0 Buz = 1 M1 = 1 M2 = 1 M3 = 0 LCD_Cmd (0x80) Disp_Str (Water Level ) LCD_Cmd (0xC0) Disp_Str (** lofty **) TxMsg (Water Level soaring,9951024603) TxMsg (Water Level HIGH,9848997946) TxMsg (Water Level HIGH,9966644775)TxMsg (Water Level HIGH,9299804677) TxMsg (Water Level HIGH,9849974776) Delay (200) else if (L1==0 && L2==0 && L3==0 && L3_flag==0) // Level 3 L3_flag=1 L2_flag = 0 L1_flag=0 Buz = 0 M1 = 1 M2 = 1 M3 = 1 LCD_Cmd (0x80) Disp_Str (Water Level ) LCD_Cmd (0xC0) Disp_Str (** truly HIGH **) TxMsg (Water Level VERY HIGH,951024603) TxMsg (Water Level VERY HIGH,9848997946) TxMsg (Water Level VERY HIGH,9966644775) TxMsg (Water Level VERY HIGH,9299804677) TxMsg (Water Level VERY HIGH,9849974776) Delay (200) else if(L1==1 && L2==1 && L3==1) Buz = 1 L1_flag=0 L2_flag=0 L3_flag=0 M1 = 0 M2 = 0 M3 = 0 LCD_Cmd (0x80) Disp_Str (Water Level ) LCD_Cmd (0xC0) Disp_Str (** NORMAL**) KIT PHOTOS OF DAM LEVEL WARNING USING GSM SMS pic kit photo of dam level warning using GSM SMS GSM MODEM MAX-232 POWER tally CONTROL SYSTEM LCD LIQUID LEVEL INDICATOR Level-3 Level-2- Level-1 RESERVIOUR MICRO CONTRO-LLER Tx Rx P0 P1 P2 P3 COUNTER INPUTS EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS CPU SERIAL PORT 4 I/O PORTS BUS CONTROL OSC TIMER 0 TIMER 1 ON CHIP RAM ON-CHIP RAM ON-CHIP FLASH INTERRUPT CONTROL RESET INTERRUPT LOCATIONS 8 bytes (0033)H 002BH 0023H 001BH 0013H 000BH 0003H 0000H