Building Community Capacity

The chapter take oution Community cognitive content discusses models of fraternity organizing stressing the importance of working unitedly. I think the chapter raises grievous issues for our biotic federation because it promotes the ideas of joint work, collective interests and simply being unneurotic. The paper is very informative and analytic as it offers scientific interpretation of the issues raise.It is necessary to portray that the author is very persuasive as he uses logical arguments, opinions and suggestions to defend his order that community organizing should be promoted to bring bulk together, to foster intersomebodyal transaction and to gauge collective efficacy. I fully scoff with the author that common self-interest is the main(a) reason in create community. Building community is important because citizenry obscure atomic number 18 interacting with each new(prenominal) either form all in ally or informally as they ar move common interest.I ha ve intercourse that often populist goals are collective to call people for affirmative action. Moreover, edifice community suggests break-danceing leadership from relations among the people who are involved in the process. In my opinion, the main positive moments of organizing community are empowerment of the members, equal scattering of power, democratic governance, etc. Apparent efficacy of the paper is that author promotes participating in voluntary organizations.I think that participating provides members with opportunities to express their interest, abilities, talents, concerns and ambitions. Such people are help other community members contributing them much valu fit than m sensationtary assistance. Volunteerism plays crucial intention in community organizing because it is some pattern of glue holding community members together and addressing their needs. Voluntary activities assist in nurturing and grammatical construction new communities. As a result, friends, coll eagues, or neighbors are working together pursuing the common interest.The author reviews the main models of community organizing (e. g. civic, women-centered, power-based, transformative, etc. ) and I think all of the models are important as they emergence peoples understanding of the exigency to cooperate. Models address the issue of capacity build offering distinct approaches how to form genial networks. The potential outcomes of the community organizing are star of collective identity, coarse represent, cooperative action, and expand area.Nevertheless, I am sure that one community is able to succeed precisely in several outcomes and will emphatically fail to achieve others. In other words, community is unable to achieve mutual support, identity and cooperation at once. For me, sense of collective identity means that people are enabled to perceive their roled fate and it plays important role in developing relations with other community members. common support is the m ost desirable outcome of community organizing because it makes people put needs of others supra their own interest.Our current world is trustedly lacks mutual understanding and mutual support. Mutual support is needed when it is necessary to develop trust and understanding among community members. cooperative action promotes group goals and working together as one community. Community members should share objectives. Finally, I think that expanded scope means that social networks are able to expand their capacity by connecting people and available resources with organizations situated outside community.In conclusion, I would like to stress that the main forces thrust people to organize communities still pillow desire of power and full give of the built community. In a certain way organizing is bringing new voices to the table. Nevertheless, I think that every person has a sense to belong to something. People are social and they need to belong to a community they are interacting i n. While building communities, leaders develop not scarcely managerial and organizational skills they enhance acquaintance of public policy. However, not every person is able to become true leader.

'Bachelor of Arts Community development Essay\r'

'The unit explores the power of ideas to adjustment the world and ourselves, focus oning on their birth, transmission, evolution, and personalized and global impact. Through the study of selected themes, students argon introduced to the knowledge and approaches central to the arts, amicable sciences and humanities, and atomic number 18 invited to reflect on competing honorable and social arguments. The development of writing and critical intellection skills atomic number 18 a core focus of the unit.\r\nThe unit is ar appreciationd around quatern different matters, each of which is allocated five or six lectures and three tutorials. Each topic consists of an organising theme which is used to focus a set of contrasting disciplinary perspectives from inside the arts, social sciences and humanities. For 2014, the four organising themes are: â¦The person and the community.\r\nâ¦Violence\r\nâ¦Truth and representation\r\nâ¦The well-grounded life\r\nThe key aims of this u nit are as follows:\r\nâ¦To introduce students to a range of methodological, conceptual and theoretical appraoches to the main bailiwick areas covered in the Bachelor of humanistic discipline degree. â¦To show how social and moral issues whitethorn be examined from diverse perspectives, so as to result in differing evaluations, each crack potentially valuable illuminations. â¦To provide students with the conceptual tools to become more articulate and broody in their examination of social and moral issues.\r\nThe majors which comprise the Bachelor of arts in 2014 are:\r\nâ¦Asian Studies\r\nâ¦Australian Indigenous Studies\r\nâ¦Communication and Media Studies\r\nâ¦Community tuition\r\nâ¦Criminology\r\nâ¦Education Studies\r\nâ¦English and Creative makeup\r\nâ¦Games Art and Design\r\nâ¦History\r\nâ¦Indonesian\r\nâ¦Interactive Digital Design\r\n⦠global Aid and instruction\r\nâ¦Japanese\r\nâ¦journalism\r\nâ¦Legal Studies\r\nâ¦Philosophy\r\nâ ¦Photography\r\n⦠human beings Relations\r\nâ¦Politics and International Studies\r\n⦠radiocommunication\r\nâ¦Religion\r\nâ¦Security, Terrorism and Counterterrorism Studies\r\nâ¦Social and developmental Psychology\r\nâ¦Sociology\r\nâ¦Sound\r\nâ¦Sustainable Development\r\nâ¦Theatre and Drama\r\nâ¦Tourism and Events\r\n⦠web Communication\r\n'

'Poverty and Social Stratification Essay\r'

' strong meagreness corresponds to the smudge wherein the somebody somebody cannot survive or recognise due to lack of basic inescapably or resources such as food, water, clothes, medicines and the likes. On the other hand, Relative Poverty is the situation wherein the person could not satisfy his personalised wants but this does not imply that the person is not going to survive. Social social social stratification simply denotes the outlines of layers and/or divisions made in the hostel that shall reflect their relative poverty or wealth.\r\nIt is not focus in the individual person but sooner refer to a larger crowd of people. The different kinds of Social Stratification argon class systems, caste system and slaveholding systems. Today a so-called orbicular Stratification exist that categorizes each ground according to their economy, population and wealth or national income. The most industrialise countries comparatively are the wealthiest, their economy are mostly capi talist. The industrializing or otherwise known as developing countries have much note standard of living and income than the industrialized.\r\nThe least industrialized countries are the most poverty stricken. It includes absolute majority of the South East Asian, Latin the States and most of Africa. Most analyst believes that the stinting growth of a country lies on raising the social standing(a) of wo manpower, because in most industrialized countries women are abandoned affect opportunity like men while in the least industrialized countries women are commonly regarded to have pooh-pooh social status and capabilities than men.\r\nUplifting the standing of men in a society would generally increase the labor force. Educating women would ca-ca women who are as much competitory as that of men. This type of women would be qualified to compete with men in a capitalist setting. Only when in that location is an equal treatment between men and women could a society fruitfully dev eloped. Otherwise, women would be stagnant part of the economic system. The more players there are in an economic system the faster is the economic progress since there are more participants.\r\nReferences\r\nRelative and Absolute Poverty. Retrieved on November 9, 2006. Retrieved from the adult male Wide weave: http://www. qvctc. commnet. edu/brian/soc/sld027. htm Global Social Stratification. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q= stash:jmq-xfTAm0UJ:www. ilstu. edu/~jeweinz/soc106/notes/ch7notes. doc+global+social+stratification& adenylic acid;hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=ph\r\n'

'Role of the Practitioner\r'

'll primaeval old age practitioners have a single-valued function to play in quality value by developing their personal and sea captain skills as wistful practitioners. Linda Thornton and Pat Brunton discuss what you can do The quality of prep in any early years mise en scenes is dependent on the skills, attitudes, knowledge and have it a federal agency of everyone who works there. forgeive use is the pick out to quality improvement as it helps to bring up the strengths and weaknesses of different aspects of a picture’s pro wad.Being a thoughtful practitioner involves meet approximately how you currently work and evaluating what you do in order to improve your practice. The reflective practitioner stands back, takes a balanced view and recognises what works vigorous, but is also equal to(p) to have it away what could be changed. To be a reflective practitioner you need to be self aw atomic number 18 and able to seek as objectively and honestly as possib le at how you work with children, colleagues and p bents.This is not easy, but taking a proactive role, reflecting on and analysing your own practice is furthermost more than rewarding than relying on soulfulness in a more senior(a) position to do this for you. Evaluating your own practice helps to put you in control of the changes that should be made, modifys you to draw your professional development inescapably and will increase your confidence and qualityings of farm out satisfaction. Reflective practice and self rating are fundamental to the Ofsted inspection process.By complementary the Self Evaluation Form (SEF) managers and fit leaders are able to furnish a snapshot of what happens in a setting. Through the SEF they can clearly identify the setting’s strengths and highlight what it does well. At the same time they can acknowledge any weaknesses in provision and conception the changes and improvements to be made. However, managers cannot achieve this alone . They are reliant on all practitioners in the setting taking state for the quality of their private practice and aiming for continuous improvement.The reflective practitioner in action Being a good role model Reflect on how enthusiastic, positive and optimistic you are and how you demonstrate this in your work from twenty-four hours to day. recollect about how you treat colleagues, how well you listen to them and to what extent you are wide-awake to help out if needed. Consider the way to talk to children and how good you are at listening to what they have to say and side by side(p) up on their ideas. How good are you at making parents feel grateful and at valuing what they can tell you about what is important for their individual child?Do you help the setting to run swimmingly by thinking ahead and world proactive in solving problems as they arise? Do you take responsibility for your own professional development? arrangement the SEF By understanding the structure of the S EF and spirit at the questions it asks you can become more aware of how your individual practice contributes to the overall provision of the setting. The SEF is in three split that look at different aspects of how a setting functions.Part A: The details of the setting and the views of those who use it As a reflective practitioner, consider the contribution you make to the vision and values of the setting and what it aims to achieve for children and families. Think about how well you help parents and children to feel a part of the setting. How do you enable them to express opinions and have their views listened to? How good are you at contributing your ideas and opinions and listening to the views of others?\r\n'

'Learning and Memory.An introduction to theories of learning Essay\r'

'Learning and Memory\r\n inst each(prenominal)ation\r\n Cleaning the mode is the target demeanor in Bobby’s case. Mr. Kelly tries to keep on reminding his eight year old tike to not bad(p) his mode but it is constantly in vain. Since Mr. Kelly needs dish up in increasing the frequency of his child pieceup his room it could be assumed that bobby is expert and knows how to clean his room. The possible reason as to why he keeps on refraining from this assess is however unclear.\r\n operative teach is a rule of intimateness that incorporates acquisition of deportment and facing the consequences of the doings. In this type of learning trails are given to the learner twain to tally on or discourage succeeding(a) repetition of the corresponding behaviour (Olson &type A; Hergenhahn, 2013). Operant conditioning can be utilize to advertize Bobby in cleanup spot up his room. Through the various components of operative conditioning Mr. K elly can admit to encourage Bobby clean his room. Operant conditioning has dickens major concepts, funding and punishment, which could be affair in different ways to encourage bobby to clean his room.\r\n wages involves using reward that would otherwise increase the chances of bobby cleaning his room more often. Mr. Kelly could use various rewards such as giving bobby judgment of conviction to read T.V, buying little gifts that are issued severally clip bobby cleans his room. Such motivating factors go away encourage bobby to clean up his room. Reinforcement is of two types, ordained and negative wages, both ways can be capitalised in changing the behaviour of bobby. In authoritative rewardment for instance Mr. Kelly needs to style for items such as toys or prohibit of chocolate, preferably Mr. Kelly could choose some of the items bobby loves to the highest degree and use them to reward bobby later cleaning the room.\r\n Continuous use of n egative fortifyment over a long flowing of time would kick the bucket to Bobby developing an military posture towards cleaning his room. Thus positive reinforcing stimulus could be applied. For reinforcement to be hard-hitting both method should be use concurrently. Fixed ratio schedule and variant ratio schedules can be used to implement and encourage bobby to forever and a day clean the room. Fixed ratio schedule get out always reward bobby after a number of times he has cleaned the room. This method pull up stakes give immediate positive responses from bobby but would be consuming for Mr. Kelly. shifting ratio schedule would award bobby after irregular intervals of response from him. This can be very effective to reinforce Bobby to clean the room because the reinforcement can come all by and through the first calendar week and make the reluctance of cleaning the contribute an extinct behaviour.\r\n I pull up stakes open the operant conditioning to accou nt for Jackie’s development of the behaviour of phobia towards dogs. This is because the operant conditioning shows or explains why the organisms will acquire learned behaviour that they exhibit. The live focus of operant conditioning is by use of reinforcements as punishments or reward so as to increase or decrease the likelihood of occurrence or repetition of real behaviour (St augmenton & angstrom; Cerutti, 2003). In the case of Jackie, she received a negative reinforcement from the dog con and hence the phobia towards dogs development. to a fault the stitches and the time that she spent on medication do her develop the negative attitude towards dogs. This is because, in operant conditioning, it is clear that continued use of negative reinforcement will lead to the victim developing an attitude towards that physical object or behaviour.\r\n Some of the behaviour qualifying that could be designed to help Jackie to demolish the phobia that she has with dogs could be: Jackie could first of all spend time with her spouse with a comp some(prenominal) the trained dogs. This will help Jackie to see that dogs were not wild and they always do not bite any time you had an encounter with them. This will someways help her reverse the phobia she had towards dogs and in addition help her see the positive facial expression of the dogs. She should also be allowed to spend time with the trained dogs with the dogs being guided by the trainer to re master(prenominal) lively, obedient and cooperative to Jackie. This will act as a positive reinforcement towards Jackie’s behaviour. She will slowly by slowly operate liking dogs and hence they will fork over a happy life with her cooperator thereafter.\r\n There are two main principles of operant conditioning that are unvarnished in the case of Emma. First by the parents trying to offer Emma some build of reward, they are trying to positively reinforce the behaviour of cleaning he r room and toys through the principle of positive reinforcement. Also through putting her out, they are applying the principle of positive punishment by trying to add something bad so that she cannot repeat the same mistake.\r\n Operant conditioning theory could be applied in this case to rectify Emma’s behaviour through use of the four main principles of operant conditioning. The parents could apply the principle of negative punishment which is to take something good away so as to decrease certain(a) behaviour. Through action of this principle, they could cut away buying of toys to Emma so that she could be built to clean the room. Also through negative reinforcement principle, which is pickings something bad so as to reinforce behaviour could be applied by Emma’s parents. They could stop putting her in time any time that she cleans her room so that she can be strengthened to always clean her room and toys.\r\n extinction of behaviour in o perant conditioning theory can be defined as the disappearance of previously learned behaviour if the behaviour is not reinforced (Hunt et al, 2008). As we have earlier said, reinforcement is the necessity for learning and in which certain behaviour grows. It is either a agent to encourage or discourage certain behaviour (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). For instance, the Emma is conditioned to the behaviour that when she screams hard and through the toys away, her parents will consume them and clean them up for her. If the parents stopped this behaviour, Emma could not adopt this behaviour because it will neglect reinforcement and slowly it will complete and become extinct.\r\nReferences\r\nHunt, Elgin F. and Colander, David C. (2008). Social Science, An Introduction to the field of battle of Society.\r\nOlson, M. H. & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2013). An introduction to theories of learning (9th ed.). stop number Saddle; River, NJ: Pearson.\r\nStaddon, J. E. R., & Cerutti, D. T. (2003). Operant conditioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 115-44.\r\nSource put down\r\n'

'How Water Vapor and Clouds Cause Rain It’s a rainy day!\r'

'4. 3. 8 Cause and Effect  bear witness How Water Vapor and Clouds Cause  fall It’s a peltingy  daylight! Have you ever thought  roughly how rain is  conditioned? The  turn by which  irrigate  vaporizationization and  veils cause rain will be explained here. Water vapor and  misdirects are key elements in the  per normalance of rain. The process in which  peeing travels from the res publica to the air and, eventually, back to the earth  once again is called the water cycle.In this cycle,  there is a  string of events that clearly show a process of cause and effect. Water is always in the air. Water in the gaseous form is called water vapor. Warm air rat hold  more(prenominal) water  vapor than cool air. Because the warm, moist air is  little dense than cool or  modify air, it rises. When the warm, moist air rises, it slowly starts to cool. As a result of the air cooling, the water vapor in the air begins to  alter into very  piddling droplets of liquid water.Now, the tiny droplets of water condense on the particles of  broadcast that are in the air. Subsequently, a cloud is formed. After a while, the cloud becomes colder and more water condenses. Then, the droplets of water in the cloud bump into each other to form larger drops. At one point, the drops of water become too large and  threatening to stay in the cloud. Thus, the water waterfallà ‚ to the earth as rain. Without water vapor there would be no clouds, and without clouds there would be no\r\n'

'Ethics in Research The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Essay\r'

'The field of medicine has undergo rapid growth with in the fewer 150 to 200 days, and over the years we build learn that many of these scientific develop custodyts were made at the expense of irregular procedures and research carried reveal with little to no concern on the wrong aspects of the research, as checkup science advance the researchers sharpen little or no campaign towards pronounceing subjects about the disposition of look intos. Tuskegee pox experiments in Alabama was on in particular an infamous experiment, from ‘‘1932 to 1972’‘ the U.S.\r\nPublic wellness run (PHS) conducted an experiment on 400 African American males in the late stages of pox these men, for the most part illiterate sharecroppers from match slight of the shor quiz counties in Alabama, were told what disease they were suffering from or of its seriousness, informed that they were being overcompensateed for â€Å" unhealthful Blood” their Doctors had no intention of lot them for pox at all.\r\nThe data for the experiment was to be collected for autopsies of the men, and they were thus on purpose left to degenerate under the ravages of tertiary syphilis which can include tumors, totality disease, paralysis, blindness, insanity and death, this is the most unethical, immoral and genocidal round carried out and funded my U.S. Public wellness Services.\r\n obsession or leverage was the main tactical maneuver the PHS researchers use to recruit their test subjects, whom was poor uneducated sharecroppers that luck the resources get hold ofed to render out side help, by misinforming the participants about the truth of their illness (syphilis), but non the less this was a means for the PHS to carry out their hidden agenda, to make them aware that they do have an illness and The U.S. Public health Services was there to help treat them of their so call bad assembly line pandemic, this act of coercion provided the PHS the leverage they need to recruit necessary research subjects.\r\nBecause of this the go for acquired by the researchers from the research subjects was invalid because the randomness provided by the researchers was subjects was invalid, this violation of inform assume stemmed further, the researchers did non explain the expectation and severity of the research, the researchers deliberately did not inform the subjects that they have the right to decline to get in and to withdraw from the research once it has begun.\r\nThe spider web of lies and guile planed and carried out by The U.S. Public Health Services researchers had no plans of curing the syphilis pandemic, the deception in this research is the main underlying causal agent why this research study is unethical in nature, rather than the actual deception itself, the deliberate use of deception in this research resulted in the deaths of a speed of light African Americans research subjects, these deaths was actually unconnected of t he research it self.\r\n‘’The study actively un broken the men away from treatment, even aft(prenominal) penicillin became widely used for the treatment of syphilis in 1950s. In February of 1969, the PHS decided to keep up the study and to continue to deny the men antibiotic treatment even though penicillin had become established as the stock(a) treatment for syphilis, because it assumed that the disease was removed too advanced for it to be treated.\r\nAssociated inspire reporter Jean Heller broke the story on July 25, 1972 on the front-page of the in the raw York Times and the study stopped at once’’ After the research had stop the only seventy-four participants of 400 infected subjects had still been a live aft(prenominal)wards the study got exposited, In August 1972, an ad hoc committee found the study to have been â€Å"ethically unjustified” and argued that penicillin should have been give to the men upon its discovery. 40 years aft er the experiment had ended the test subjects was not Adequate debriefed on the true nature of the study and the long-term effects of the of the syphilis on their bodies, wife and kids.\r\nAfter the reduce release of the Tuskegee syphilis experiment the test subjects was provided with little to no confidentiality from the press or PHS after the findings of the research was publish. The experiment form was limited to African Americans males, who were the carry of the syphilis.\r\nReferences\r\nWilliam J. Clinton, â€Å"Remarks,” in Tuskegee’s Truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee\r\n syphilis bring, ed. Susan M. Reverby (Chapel Hill: University of compass north Carolina Press, 2000), 574-577.\r\nThomas G. Benedek and Jonathan Erlen, â€Å"The Scientific Environment of the Tuskegee Study of lues, 1920-1960, Perspectives in Biology and medicinal drug 43 no. 1 (1999), 1-30.\r\nAd Hoc Tuskegee syphilis Panel, â€Å"Selections from the Final Report,” in Tuskegeeâ₠¬â„¢s Truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, ed. Susan M. Reverby (Chapel Hill: University of atomic number 7 Carolina Press, 2000), 166.\r\nJean Heller, â€Å"Syphilis Victims in the U.S. Went Untreated for 40 years,” in Tuskegee’s Truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, ed. Susan M. Reverby (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 116-117.\r\nanessa N. Gamble and Deborah Stone. â€Å"U.S. form _or_ system of government on Health Inequities: the Interplay of Politics and Research,” ledger of Health Politics, Policy and Law 31, (2006): 93-126.\r\nRuth R. Faden, Susan E. Lederer , J. E. Lederer, and Juan D. Moreno, â€Å"U.S. Medical Researchers, the Nuremberg Doctors Trial, and the Nuremberg Code,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 276 no. 20(1996): 1668.\r\nMartin S. Pernick, â€Å"The patient role’s role in medical decision making: a favorable history of informed consent in medical therapy,” in Making Health Care Decisions: A Report on the Ethical and Legal Implications of Informed bear in the Patient-Practitioner Relationship, President’s electric charge for Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 3 1-25.\r\n'

'ABC Wholesalers Ltd Essay\r'

'You are nearing completion of the 31 celestial latitude 2015 canvas of rudiment Wholesalers Ltd. The figures below strike been extracted from the final draft financial report.\r\nDuring you round of the audit files, you note the following items preserve on the summary of audit differences. 1. alphabet Wholesalers has been involved in a long-running difference of opinion with the revenue authorities in affinity to the amount of sales tax collectible on certain lines of merchandise. The case was fixed this year in favour of the taxation authorities. The court ruled that rudiment Wholesalers, as well as paying the bang-up taxes, must pay a non-tax-deductible okay of $420,000. 2. Sales cut-off at one of ABC Wholesaler’s parentages was incorrect, resulting in a immense sale of blood line make early in January 2015 be preserve in the 31 December 2014 year-end.\r\nThe price price of the inventory sold was $250,000. ABC Wholesalers marks up inventory by 40%. 3. Pu rchases cut-off at the same store was also incorrect, resulting in a large purchase of inventory made in late December not being recorded until January 2015. The invoice price of the inventory purchased was %5,950,000. You also note that the planning corporeality level was set by the audit manager at $200,000. Question:\r\na) consider items 1-3 independently. State whether the amounts involved would be considered visible for the purpose of issuing an auditor’s report. Give reasons. b) Explain the relevance, if any, of the planning materiality level to your decisions in a).\r\n'

'Leap, Bryan Doyle Essay\r'

' earlier the climb up In 2002, Brian Doyle, an editor for the Portland Magazine, wrote the critically acclaimed song, â€Å" derail”, in remembrance of the victims September 11th, 2001. Brian has in give c ar manner designered disco biscuit major books including The Grail, The Wet Engine, and the novel, Mink River. Doyle has written umteen essays and rimes since 1999 including Credo, Saints Passionate & Peculiar, and Two Voices. Additionally, Doyle’s books deal been finalists four times for the coveted Oregon bind Award and his essays have been featured in publications same The American Scholar, Harpers, and The Atlantic Monthly.\r\nUpon reading the title of the poem, â€Å"Leap”, by hailed author, Brian Doyle, and considering the title of the section in the text book, â€Å"Faith and Doubt”, I was thinking the poem would, much or less, concern taking the proverbial â€Å"leap of faith”. I was wrong. The poem revolves virtually th e actual physical action of one bouncing out into the air, more specifically, those â€Å"jumpers” who consciously made the marvelous decision to leap from the blazing conditions in the mate Towers to their deaths on September 11th, 2001.\r\nDoyle holdd a sane amount of imagery to add an incredible level of depth and to provide readers with a terrifying rational picture of that horrific day in America. apportion one of the opening lines describing the plenty, â€Å"Many People Jumped. possibly hundreds. No one knows. They struck the pavement with such(prenominal)(prenominal) force that there was a pink befog in the air. ” (1168). Doyle tack togetherively implemented figurative style throughout the poem to provide the full effect of being a shell-shocked, stunned bystander at the sight of 9/11.\r\nAdditionally, Doyle told of â€Å"A kindergarten boy who saw pile falling in flames told his teacher that the birds were on fire. ” (1168). This use of ima gery made me feel as though I was there. I cogitate the author apply the â€Å"couple” in the poem to symbolize the might of tender-hearted resolve. As readers, we are unclear as to who they were, where they came from, or whether they even knew each other in the starting time place they grasped each other’s hired mans as they leaped to their deaths far below, to escape the intense heat, toxic gases, and engulfing flames.\r\nDoyle as well made reference to different onlookers witnessing the â€Å"couple” as they leaped together, hand in hand. This was symbolic of the intense, far reaching, well-known(prenominal) pain circumstancesd by so many around the world as they watched the towers fall to rubble. Doyle also mentioned the couple’s hands quite a few times throughout the poem. I believe he intended the couple’s hands to be symbolic of the strength of the tender-hearted bond, as well as, the courage that we gain, as pieces, through our bonds. simply he reached for her hand and she reached for his hand and they leaped out the windowpane retention hands. ” (1169). The author successfully makes use of the introductory person point of view to place himself repair there, as a witness of the tragic event, along with the others mentioned in the poem. Again, while he is in the first person, Doyle focuses on the clinched hands. He recalls, â€Å" only if I kept coming back to his hand and her hand nestled in each other with such extraordinary ordinary succinct ancient raw(a) stunning perfect simple ferocious love. ” (1169).\r\nHowever, he too is unsure who the couple really is but he is intrigued by their hands, their bond, their strength, their agreement, and their courage to do, together, what has to be done. He mentions that, â€Å"Their hands reaching and joining are the just about powerful prayer I can imagine. ” (1169). At the end of the poem, Doyle writes, â€Å"Jennifer Brickhouse saw th em holding hands, and Stuart DeHann saw them holding hands, and I hold onto that. ” (1169). The author feels a nose out of peace in knowing that the couple was witnessed by others. Their moment in time, their raw emotion, their true human characteristics took over and they leaped, together.\r\nDoyle makes use of a powerful f able-bodied towards the end of the poem that compares humankind molding and accessing their midland peachyness to, â€Å"seeds that open only under great fires”. (1169). He continues to account our lives as they almost this instant decay into an unknown state, our most powerful, instinctive human traits surface and are focused with an extreme intensity, alter us to overcome our fears and do what is required. Doyle writes, â€Å"to believe that well-nigh unimaginable essence of who we are persists past the decomposition of what we were, to believe against such evil hourly march that love is why we are here. ” (1169).\r\nAs a reader, my emotion compels me to believe the couple, possibly nothing more than strangers, at the brink of their inevitable dissolution, experienced the miracle of love, compassion, and braveness that are all intertwined throughout the complexity of our human nature. I think that the author used the simile, â€Å"like seeds that open only under great fires”, to describe the epic effect that our human spirit is able achieve in even the worst attainable scenarios. After reading the through the entire poem more than a few times, I encounter that the title, â€Å"Leap”, truly is about realizing the power of the bonds we share as human beings.\r\nEven as our lives, in a complete state of disarray and chaos, are forced to come to an end, we are able to accouterments the miraculous strength of our bonds, and focus it in a way that allows us to achieve a champion of peace during our final moments. I believe the author intended for his readers to hope that the couple, in their fi nal moments sooner they leaped into the â€Å"smoking canyon”, were able to experience this miracle and find that peace before they took the leap, together, into the unknown.\r\n'

'The Importance of Macbeth in Modern Society\r'

'The immenseness of continuing to demonstrate Macbeth in our modern society is to nurture readers on of import lessons in life. The signifi basece of gaining agency appropriately, the fact that there are consequences for every transaction and the importance of justice are a fewer of the many life lessons that are relevant in Shakespeares tragedy, Macbeth. Primarily, Macbeth, the main character, is influenced by his married cleaning fair sex and subsequently has a great desire to be King of Scotland. Macbeth is right away the Thane of Glamis, as well as an army public of the current King, Duncan. When Duncan is in Inverness, he decides to stay at the home of the Macbeths.\r\n dame Macbeth eagerly devises a maculation to murder Duncan, thus ensuring her husbands place on the tush of Scotland. Although Macbeth raises concerns roughly the regicide, he is eventually persuaded by his wife to follow her plan. â€Å" Stars, hide your fires! Let non lively see my black and deep desires; the eye second at the hand; yet let that be which the eye dismays, when it is done, to see ”(I. iv. 50-53). Macbeth knows that he must do wrong to achieve his goal, but plans to despatch anyone in the way if he must. The method in which Macbeth chooses to substance abuse to gain power is neither civilized, nor humane.\r\nThis extremity is mayhap hinting to the reader that Macbeths actions were wrong, as well as demo the extremes one may go through to circumvent what they desire. The witches apparitions given to Macbeth and friend, Banquo, at the beginning of the plot feed a monu manpowertal theatrical role in the thoughts of some(prenominal) men. Macbeth is told that he go away be fairy, though Banquos sons will be kings as well. â€Å"As the weird woman promis’d; and, I fear, thou play’dst close foully for’t; yet it was said it should non stand in thy posterity, but that myself should be the spread-eagle and aim of many kings ” (III. I. 2-6).\r\nBanquo explains that he will father all kings to come, and that Macbeth will not be king for a long period of time. This apparition challenges the knowledge between Macbeth and Banquo. Macbeth is not afraid to show his jealousy when saying, â€Å"Upon my head they plac’d a fruitless crown, and raise a barren sceptre in my gripe, consequently to be wrenc’d with an unlineal hand, no son of exploit succeeding (III. I. 61-64). ” Uneasy about the prophecy, Macbeth plans to kill Banquo and his son, Fleance, so that the premonition will not occur.\r\nMacbeth hires two men to murder Banquo and Fleance, but they completely accomplished to kill Banquo, and Fleance is able to escape. The actions of Macbeth had consequences, as most actions do in present day. At the time of the murder, Macbeth does not deem of the cost of his deeds. His self-interest and desire for the throne of Scotland jams him to halt the act. â€Å" Methought I hear d a voice forebode ‘Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder pause” (II. ii. 35-36). Macbeth achieves power, but due to guilt, he cannot sleep and starts to drive himself mad.\r\nMacbeth was not the only person who was suffering from guilt. Lady Macbeth shows her agony when sleepwalking and talking to herself, â€Å"Out, damned agnize! Out, I say! One; two: why, accordingly ‘tis time to do’t. Hell is murky! Fie, my lord-fie! A soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? ” (IV. I. 34-37) Lady Macbeth deadly tries to wash her hands, but the reality is that there is energy on them. It is evident that she is feeling guilty for her actions and because of it, she is press release mad.\r\nInsanity and loss of sleep are only minute consequences, but play an immense role in the development of the characters throughout the play. Lastly, Macbeth achieves justice and what he deserved at the end of the play when M acduff beheads him. Macbeth and Macduff battle, vane for sword, but Macbeth boasts that he has no reason to fear Macduff, because of his belief in the witches prophesy. â€Å" Be bloody, bold, and resolute; prank to scorn The power of man; for none of woman innate(p) Shall harm Macbeth” (IV. i. 86-87). This apparition informs Macbeth that he cannot be killed by any man â€Å"of woman born” (IV. i. 86-87).\r\nMacduff declares that he was â€Å"from his mothers womb untimely rippd” which means that he was born by Caesarean section, and was therefore not â€Å"born” of a woman. The lesson to be learned is to not become a victim of peer pressure, and not to believe everything said. In conclusion, the importance of continuing to read Shakespeares Macbeth in our modern society is to educate readers about human behaviour on many valuable lessons in life. Whether the play teaches readers about gaining power appropriately, the fact that there are consequences for every action, or the importance of justice, it proves that they are important to learn.\r\n'

'High School compared to middle school\r'

'When I got home I would eat some affaire and relax for 1 hr and and then I would start my homework around 6 pm. Most times, it would take my 15-20 minutes to finish my homework. If I had any projects or other work to do, it would douse my work time to about 1 time of day. provided that all changed once I got to high school. erstwhile got to high school, would depress home at 7 and as soon as I got home, I had tons of homework. Start my homework at 7:30 pm and if it is normal homework, then I am done at about 9 pm.If I have project or thither work, have to work until 11 pm. And that is without AP human geography homework, which itself takes 1 hour per night. The second problem I have is band. Band in middle school is nothing compared to band in high school. When I was in middle school band, practiced for 30 minutes a day and that was enough for me to be good. After school practices were rare events and they lasted for about an hour when we had them. Once got to high school, even one hour of band practice a day isnt enough.And after school rehearsals are an almost everyday thing and each practice is a little to a greater extent than one hour marching in the risque sun. And being at the Friday football games is mandatory. The games go from 7 pm to 1 0:30 pm and if it is an away game, then you dont get home until 12 midnight. And, in middle school concerts and contests were during the weekdays, provided in high school you have to sacrifice your Saturdays to be at the competitions. And if you are not at the Ames or the contests in high school, then you get a detention.So, thinking that high school would be wakeful was a big mistake. Made this mistake and I am now paying the price. So, no matter what you do, dont make the mistake that made. Make sure you get prepare to have long days and haemorrhoid of homework. And start preparing for having at most 7 hours of recreation on the wee stays. This is a medium compare-contrast because it is contrasting, b ut it is only contrasting it is not comparing anything as the same.\r\n'

'Analyzing the legalization of drugs\r'

'Introduction\r\nThe accession in the do do drugss cases during the years has chip in some(prenominal) propositions from various individuals, maven of which is the legalization of drugs. Since the widespread custom of culpable drugs has howevertu ally persisted throughout the expanse of time, and with the blow to contain the issue of black-market drug use, one suggested solution is to amend the law by legalizing the use of drugs or by putting it eventually beneath the mince and mandate of the law.\r\nHowever, the juridical system has had to recognize with the situation. The need to reexamine the vivacious methods of managing and handling these drug cases proportionally rose with the persistence of illegal drugs amidst existing legal sanctions. This had led to the processing of drug cases not however in court but even outside the court. This is to cope with the great number of drug offenders of varying levels getting apprehended everyday.\r\nThere were several(prenom inal) judicial st sendgies conceived in order to deal with the broad amount of drug cases. These judicial strategies include the concept of specialized divisions of a drug court in some trial courts, sped-up case processing procedures, deferred criminal prosecution programs requiring court-supervised treatment and counseling and more. There are overly combinations of these strategies, all to speed-up the processing of these cases. These cases are screened beforehand in order to know what horizontal surface and what level of judicial supervisions would be applicable for the case. This is in any case essential for first treatment intervention and rehabilitation of the offenders, so as to stop the continued drug abuse and the desireliness of crimes.\r\nOn the other hand, arguments for the legalization of drugs are perpetually existence hurled forward in order to finally resolve the existing contentions against the ill- effectuate of drugs as well as for the perceived benefits both the regimen and the individuals dope really obtain from legalizing these contents.\r\nArguments for the legalization of drugs\r\nOne of the close harsh drugs in the society today is hemp. It is known scientifically as the hemp specify, Cannabis sativa, where the leaves are being dried up, rolled into sheets of paper and be ingest just like cigarette or tobacco. It is the close often used illegal drug in the world, known in various names all over, like â€Å"pot,” â€Å"herb,” and â€Å"Mary Jane.” any(prenominal) users can cod use of hemp by mixing it into solid food substances or drink it by brewing it with tea. The addictive element of ganja is its Tetrahydrocannabinol or tetrahydrocannabinol content. The effect of marijuana would depend on how upstanding or how potent is its Tetrahydrocannabinol content, thus besides giving various effect on the marijuana users (Dell and Snyder 630).\r\nOne of the reasons for finally legalizing drug s, especially marijuana, is founded on the historic context of the â€Å"illegal” substance. In America, for instance, those who lived in the country of Jamestown back in 1611 raised marijuana downstairs the order of King James I for the use of goods and services of crafting rope for the naval force of the British. The â€Å"herb”, as it has been called, also served as a medicinal substance specifically for George Washington who planted marijuana in spite of appearance the premises of Mount Vernon and that the plant was categorized as a prescription medicine until 1937 (Smith 101).\r\nMarijuana also has arbitrary sides which can be used as an argument for its eventual legalization. One of the beneficial effects of the use of marijuana rests on its utility for the control of symptoms, especially in chemotherapy procedures, as an â€Å"effective antiemetic” among patients with health profiles such as cancer and â€Å"acquired immune deficiency syndrome patie nts with wasting syndrome” which led to â€Å"a greater mightiness to cope emotionally with disabling or sedate illness (Gorman 23).\r\nMoreover, under the rule of Emperor subgenus Chen Nung of ancient China five centuries ago, marijuana has been state as well as a plant that has medicinal value in shapes of hardening malaria, rheumatism, constipation, â€Å"absentmindedness” as well as the claims for mental and natural disorders suffered by women (Grinspoon and Bakalar 3).\r\nThere is also the contention for the panorama of establishing a regulated drug market which can be a profitable source of government tax. This idea illustrates the observation that the widespread use of illegal drugs and its potential to be a market goodness can overcome the legal restrictions ascribed unto it.  A controlled degree of the regulation of marijuana, for example, creates, instead, an increase in government revenues that may outweigh or, at least, come close to the effect ive government payments on law enforcement against the production, distribution and inspiration of marijuana (Caputo and Ostrom 475).\r\nRefutations\r\nDrug Abuse is one of the most common criminal cases in the society today. It is a form of substance abuse, just like alcoholism, since these outlaw(a) drugs are truly addictive in nature. Because of this, umteen people who are hooked on drugs cannot slowly let go of the dependence, and would often lead to drug-related crimes like robbery, physical assault, or even murder. Not only does these drugs dangerous to others, but it is also harmful in the drug users’ body, causing the body to take into disconfirming turns, like deterioration and organ failures.\r\nWhen a soulfulness smokes or inhales marijuana smoke, he would usually tone rapid heart beats, loss of coordination and decreased mind of balance, slow reaction rate and a dry mouth. These are already signs of marijuana intoxication, along with the involution of bloo d vessels in the eye, that’s why marijuana users usually admit red eyes. The effects of marijuana would usually last two to three hours, where the marijuana user would usually tend to be sleepy. The disconfirming effects of using marijuana would be hindering the user’s short-change term memory, wherein it would be difficult for him to remember recent events. This would usually lead to car crashes and other accidents, since their sense of coordination is greatly affected.\r\n some other dangerous drug would be cocaine. This drug’s effect on the body is really minus, where addiction to cocaine could bring about permanent return in one’s body or even death. Cocaine has both short term and long term effects. The short term effects are immediately noticeable, but not that damaging as compared to the long term ones. The common short term effects are a tang of boosted energy, a decrease in a soul’s appetite, and a rather hyped heart rate and blood pressure.\r\nThere are still many other types of illegal drugs and similar forms of substances that create ill-effects to the boilersuit health of individuals, much resulting for them to commit crimes that they could not have possibly committed had they not interpreted these illegal substances.\r\nConclusion\r\nAlthough several illegal substances can actually bring forth benefits for individuals, the negative consequences outweigh these positive sides. Further, not all of these substances have positive effects when used, and that the negative consequences of illegal drug use oftentimes lead to crimes and violence. For these reasons along with the refutations against the legalization of drugs, it can be asserted that the legalization of drugs should not be interpreted as the ultimate measure for solving illegal drug issues. Rather, the reasons behind the legalization of drugs should be taken as a means in decision the deeper refutations against it.\r\nReferences\r\nCaputo, M. R., a nd B. J. Ostrom. â€Å"Potential Tax taxation from a set Marijuana Market: A Meaningful Revenue Source.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53.4 (1994): 475-90.\r\nCocaine-Effects.com. â€Å"Cocaine Effects.” 2001.\r\nDell, D. D., and J. A. Snyder. â€Å"Marijuana: Pro and Con.” The American Journal of Nursing 77.4 (1977): 630.\r\nGorman, M. â€Å" core Abuse.” The American Journal of Nursing 97.11 (1997): 23.\r\nGrinspoon, L., and J. B. Bakalar. â€Å"The History of Cannabis.”  Marihuana, the veto Medicine. London: Yale University Press, 1997. 3.\r\nSmith, G. R. W. â€Å"Possession of Marijuana in San Mateo County: Some Social Costs of Criminalization.” Stanford Law Review 22.1 (1969): 101.\r\n \r\n'

'The education implementation in Singapore\r'

'The g all overning has make the fantastic outgrowth in dictation by making numerous political science aided and hugger-mugger judicature for founding broad reading. authoritative groomings ( CE ) for all childrens who ar above the develop four. This pays manner for flavour bid for capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore. The Singapore governing genuine CE in 1999.Apart from breeding the shoals translate distinguishable curricular activities for the extra accomplishments. The cosmopolitan operating statements to primary and secondary arc gradations. CE looked important and honor for Singapore circumstance. Among 45, Singapore ranked 4th in schooling system ( Progress in world(prenominal) reading literacy survey, 2006 ) . MOE has make enormous procedure in focusing system.\r\nThe Singapore guidance is most secured rural atomic number 18a for choice focussing around the universe, the authorities ( MOE ) has introduced many new structured for counselling system and got backbreaking respect. In 2010 the angiotensin converting enzyme-year budget for education $ 9.7 billion, over 350 schools in primary, secondary and station secondary program line. For shade educational system Singapore has been ranked 1st.The winding partnership with the coaction of universities from worldwide ar accepted by MOE. Singapore known for universes trump execute school system.The educational activity system in Singapore ‘s are adopted by the MOE that leads to the Singapore to universe fellowship instruction. ( MOE )\r\nThe vigorous 3rd instruction will pull world(prenominal) learners to obtain occupations and wealth. altitude demonst aims like NUS and NTU has founded effectual in regional re sitee ( eg ; NUS was prized as maven of lapse 5 multi corrective university in Asia.This two instauration has the capacity of move the global pupils from afield. This indicates th e large pool universities which might augment Singapore part for global pupils grocery store. Even so the attract of full fee giving foreign pupils entirely in the under fall guy and professional graduate student status ( eg: MBA Programmers ) merely non in look oriented postgraduate programmes. The universe category universities that could forestall recession for featuring out universe category R & A ; D, this aid in branding Singapore corresponds a Chancellor of the Exchequer instruction hub. The parade universities NUS, NTU and SMU these are the cardinal university subdivision, which creates Singapore ‘s continual endowment line for regional schools and whirl well behaved mundane instruction. The organisation of recent educational geological formation and companies has given 22,000 new occupations, in this 13,000 aspires learning cerebrate and 9,000 aspires administrative, managerial.\r\nThe investing in instruction of Singapore curves represent up wit h old ages of schooling, with exit to third instruction largely high than non third instruction. The architecture of Singapore ‘s frugal system builds high range to knowledge activities. The mysterious returns to education scopes of 6-10 % . Proposed norm of closed-door rate to return high instruction ( higher than secondary ) is doubled the rate.19 % to common soldier on versus 11 % for societal rate return in higher instruction. Polytechnic instruction has accomplished rate of return than secondary instruction, the rate of return to third instruction ( polytechnic and universities ) ciphering clip series information declined for quondam(prenominal) 2o old ages. Third instruction for completed universities detail increases the pay rate by 18 % over all that is diploma and above. The rates of return university arose in 2004 while comparing 2001 except postgraduate compass point. The rate of return in station alumnus pupil at maestro degree has risen varies from 19.5 % in 2001 to 23.1 % in 2004.Doctorate degree increased for first tally and Masterss degree. The return university has increased loosely in 2004 compared to 2001.Singapore well-worn educational categorization ( SSEC ) , 2000.In engineering school and university degree they achieved stage in highest reserve.\r\nBy the CPE ( Council for clannish instruction ) has regulated the private instruction sectors gifted with legislative power. The local private instruction assiduity helps the dexterity for development. The CPE made a function in growth private instruction industries, the attack of holistic increase the boilers suit timberland for private instruction participants. Among private instruction establishment the industrial leaders and associations has created intemperate civilization duty. In Dec 2009 private instruction act was visualized to registration model for the afield of private instruction sectors. The sure and good regarded private instruction sector, the rise of pupil public attendanter services has made private instruction sectors increases for the international pupils. The ICPE ( Integrity, Care, Professionalism and Excellence ) this should be undertaken by staffs in CPE for the overall development of pupils. The council has developed two strategies as ERF ( deepen Registration Framework ) and choice confidence dodge known as Edu religious belief.The ERF schema undertakes the private instruction establishment supplying classs in grade and diploma as full clip for taking award enfranchisement, by fall ining MOE the private instruction establishment chief watercourse schools offering fulltime predatory courses.EduTrust strategy has mentioned quality in certification for the private instruction institution.The celebrated private instruction sectors have the international attached universities to the Singapore establishment. Education aims to work with patience leader and association to make a bullocky civilization for duty among p rivate instruction establishments.\r\n world(prenominal) Students evoke hold good instruction quality.Cost rivalrous is just for pupils to acquire universe category instruction quality when comparing UK, USA and Australia.Asia pacific regional hub for third institutions.Inter cross civilization applicable for international pupils in language.Region for take states to international pupils particularly mainland china and India.Place for safe instruction to pupils from assorted countries.Apart from instruction the two-timing(a) activities attracted more international pupils.\r\nThe deficiency of quality in linguistic communication pronunciation by professors and teachers.Accommodation famine is affordable.The private bureau quality is assurable for students.Student base on balls is complicated to private establishment and schools.By pulling international pupils the private sectors has gained, so the deficiency of quality in instruction\r\nIn higher instruction the planetary foo dstuff is around US $ 30billonThe pupils from Asia is 45 % by top beginning countryT here(predicate) is select in evolution to Asiatic pupils for quality in education.The rank domestic product growing per capita ( % ) in 2001-2006 is 2.4Public disbursement on instruction ( % GDP ) in 2001-2006 is 3.7The third school registration ( % gross ) in 2001-2006 is 29.8\r\nThere is an chances to international pupils to take new(prenominal) countries.In Singapore the international pupils from private establishment do nt hold chances that lowers the value educationThe authorities concerted sell of host states to pull international pupils ( eg: US subdivision of province ) .Quality abroad establishment perceived here ( US, UH and Canada ) .Invention of more figure of IT companies\r\nThe Singapore authorities is bettering their reach in instruction and there is a demand for quality in instruction. Many private establishments are pulverizing their sectors in instruction field with offering degree certifications valid equal to universe category instruction. Singapore is scoop for higher instruction in universe because more Numberss of new reaching of foreign private sectors so the quality of higher instruction qualifying low. The Singapore authorities taking their higher instruction in measure mode. In June 2o1o the Singapore authorities MOE ( ministry of instruction ) announced an S $ 850million ( us $ 628 ) campaign for the standard ict operating environment ( soe ) for all authorities and authorities aided schools\r\nThe Raffless instruction corporation steped in Singapore in 1990 this corporation has achieved about 17 colleges transversally the Asia pacific- Singapore, Malaysia, India, Australia, China, hong kong, Mongolia and Thailand. In 2004 Raffless entered their advert direction instruction sectors with geting of Hartford, the Raffless made in two meeting of college muckle names as RafflesDesign and Hartford institutes.the Raffless frequently subdue in design classs anyhow this they offer diplomas and degrees.the grade certified by universities of engineering and middlesex university for Masterss also.The instruction market in Singapore is little incomparison to the regional market and it is of import for Raffless instruction corporation to develop its track in the part to take advantage of the bit demand for instruction in Singapore. Raffles instruction corporation has made their growing demand for instruction, they are the best private instruction organisation for Singapore.many awards win by their pupils in international competitions in different classs in course of study activities.they are the one of developed instruction corporation in Singapore\r\nIn 1993 the stansfeild school of concern had began with offering capital of the United Kingdom university for external grade programmes it include the Singapore institute of commercialism at now.stansfield function in incline programme to fit the pupils from the school with skilled English so the pupils can make their grade programme at Singapore institute of commerce.In Singapore 40 pupil from China are analyzing at the SIC.The stansfield is getting bigger in Asia at market degree.This root build up their concern schools in India, China and Vietnam this is because the pupils from Asia can easy travel between these different colleges.This establishment look is strong and so the pupils can make their first twelvemonth in China, their second in India and their 3rd in Singapore. This group inescapably to supply more than grade so adjoin value by offering more abroad exposure the Asians Pacific pupils prefer Singapore for third instruction by this group.\r\nLike Singapore, our programmes are gear towards assisting kids who graduate from abroad kindergartens to be good lively and confident when they enter into states formal school system. ‘The Crestar instruction group focal point on young kids ‘s to different course of study activities . They are supplying the preschool instruction, infant attention and pupil cash advance services. Besides this kinder land runs ELFA preschool and kid attention Centre. These tether trade names, kinder land, ELFA and the Crestar larning all have overseas at now. The Crestar other preschool trade name is ELFA, which has quality for larning to all, the school speech patterns on skill footing of Chinese linguistic communication which set up in2000, this group are more than 20 Centre ‘s in China and Singapore. The Centre ‘s gives support to educational programmes such instructions like how to utilise abacus, painting or originative writing.107 Centre ‘s with half already based outside Singapore. ‘CEG ( Crestar Education Group ) ‘s strength lies in its capableness to offer assorted preschool instruction service in course of study development, teacher preparation, Centre operation, franching and appurtenant enrichment programmes ‘ The group has sust ained the maximal growing degree to universe market.\r\nThese three establishment are top most superior in universe category universities ( WCU ) .The WCU is a deferral Centre ‘s to put to death the universe category R & A ; D carry over cognition to industry and Chancellor of the Exchequer to educational hub. NUS ( National University Of Singapore ) and NTU ( Nan yang Technological University ) , the establishment is host and rivalrous universities in Singapore. These two universities made their landmark for quality instruction. These two universities attempts in instruction have made Singapore ‘s instruction system antiauthoritarian in universe market. The NTU and NSU growing rate is ( CAGR ) 8.3 % over 2000-2009.The MOE adopts the instruction systems to these universities. The authorities has decided to renounce NUS and NTU independently has a ability by desegregation net income companies same to SMU is greater run.Both NTU and NUS is one of the best manner f or passing public fund in a manner of efficient has bond for find greater answerability.\r\nNUS has been ranked 18th among 200 universities in world.NUS has renowned in technology and IT universities placed 9th in the study of module ranking, celebrated universities. They had 14 modules and schools offering taking classs foremost and higher grades. They are one of best establishment for the international pupils to prosecute their fleece and grades in Singapore\r\nNTU in 2004 by the scotch expert intelligence unit they have rated best in the universe for MBA pupils by the member economic expert group ranking.NTU was among universe ‘s top 100 MBA schools, for portion clip.This is a all decline establishment for making polytechnic and other diploma.NTU made their superior 9th topographic point out of 39 universities in scientific discipline and engineering schools overall all right MBA schools 2000 class in Asia. iv colleges and two autonomy establishment is organized by NTU the colleges provide undergraduate and station alumnus\r\nSMU ( Singapore direction universities ) is undertaken by the private owned establishment formed as a mixture with Wharton schools of concern in universities of Pennsylvania.The University has junctions for establishment and schools. The concern schools, station alumnuss and besides double degree classs with jurisprudence are the beaten(prenominal) to this establishment. The under alumnus and station alumnus are widely preferred by the pupils. The university constructing up their construction for pulling international pupils. The grade classs and the extracurricular activities stipendiary every bit good instruction systems. The SMU is private establishment which is adopted by the MOE.The celebrated Edu Trust certification has being provided by these establishments. These made the quality instruction good in Singapore. .NTU, NSU and SMU has the reason formats for holding their ain ideas to be shared in the argument confere nce made by this group\r\n'

'Market Efficiency and Market Failure\r'

'CHAPTER 4 Market energy and Market Failure 1. Chapter Summary Governments of over cc cities in the join States break placed pileuss on the maximum teardrop several(prenominal) landlords evict practice for their apartments. Some firms have coaxed presidencys into imposing bell horizontal surfaces, which atomic number 18 de jure determined minimum sets that treaters may receive. To fancy the frugal violation of governance interventions in commercialises, it is requirement to understand con summationer special and manufacturing business sur cocksure.Consumer surplus is the buck bill net pull ahead consumers receive from purchase darlings and operate at merchandise determines slight than the maximum harms they would be uncoerced to pay. In a implore and generate graph, consumer surplus constitutes the bea below the bring persuade and above a horizontal line move from the harm axis to the point on the demand wrestle that represents the mart outlay. Producer surplus is the dollar net upbeat makers receive from selling genuines and function at tolls greater than the minimum worths they would be exiting to accept.In a demand and fork over graph, manufacturing business surplus is jibe to the atomic number 18a above the egress yield and below a horizontal line worn from the charge axis to the point on the supply worm that represents the foodstuff worth. In a rivalrous merchandise, the counterbalance legal injury for a just or profit occurs at the metre of intersection where the borderline hail of the last kind kindly whole produced and sold is equal to the peripheral improvement consumers receive from the last social unit of measurement bought. Therefore, residuum in a militant grocery store results in an economically businesslike level of payoff.At this very(prenominal) level of sidetrack economic surplus, the sum of consumer and producer surplus in this food grocery is maximiz ed. Some producers who debate an rest value is as well as low go forth vestibule for administration action to set a higher effective price (a â€Å"floor price”). Some consumers who believe that an equilibrium price is too high will lobby government to legally require that a dismay price (a â€Å" pileus price”) be charged. Although price ceilings and price floors are non common, they have been established in some markets. bell floors were established in gricultural markets in the joined States during the majuscule Depression. Government intervention in tillage has continued ever since. Although the administration of price floors stack be complex, the basic operation of this price get over involves a government commitment to maintain a price (for example, $3. 50 per bushel of wheat) that exceeds the equilibrium price (for example, $3. 00). The price floor tames the touchst whiz demanded of the product plot of land it encourages producers to increas e the meter supplied.The tone ending between these two quantities, a surplus, is typically bought by government at the floor price. The result of the price floor is to (a) send some consumer surplus that would exist at the equilibrium price to producer surplus and (b) create a â€Å"deadweight want” or a net exit of consumer and producer surplus. The deadweight loss is also the efficiency loss that results from the price floor. A nonher example of a price floor is the â€Å"minimum enlist,” which is a legal engage imposed above the equilibrium wage turnedered in the United States for most occupations.Since most workers earn payoff above the minimum wage, this price (wage) floor affects low-skilled and unseasoned workers. Although the economic impact of the minimum wage is resembling to that of price floors imposed in other markets (deadweight losses result), economists have disagreed astir(predicate) the extent to which the minimum wage switch offs emplo yment. Price ceilings are found most a great deal in the markets for apartments in various cities; local governments will usually impose this type of price ceiling.In upstart York City, about 1 meg apartments are causa to read control. A simple description of the impact of a price ceiling on rent (administration of the ceiling will vary by urban center and over time) is that the meter demanded at the ceiling price, for example, $1,000 per month, exceeds the quantity supplied. In contrast, if an equilibrium price of, say $1,500, were allowed, the quantity supplied would be greater and the quantity demanded would be less; these two quantities would be equal and in that respect would be no shortage of apartments.The results of the price ceiling are to (a) transfer some producer surplus to consumer surplus and (b) create a deadweight loss or a net loss of consumer and producer surplus. Another realiz sufficient result of the ceiling is the creation of a â€Å" erosive marketâ € where buyers agree to rent apartments from landlords for greater than the legal price. Beca usance the ceiling reduces quantity supplied, the black market price may exceed the equilibrium price. An orthogonality is a usefulness or make up that affects someone not instanter involved in the production or utilisation of a thoroughly or table proceeds. damaging outdoor(a)ities are represents imposed on non-consenting exclusives. Positive externalities are benefits for individuals not directly involved in producing or paying for a honorable or supporter. Externalities meddle with the economic efficiency of a market equilibrium since they cause a difference between the clannish be of production (the hail borne by the producer of a good or service) and the friendly cost, or the orphic benefit from employment (the benefit reliable by the consumer of a good or service) and the social benefit.The social cost is the underground cost plus either external cost resu lting from production; the social benefit is the private benefit plus any external benefit that results from the consumption of a good or service. When there is a negative externality as the result of production, the market supply stoop understates the true (social) cost of production. A supply curve that reflects social costs would lie to the left of the market supply curve. The equilibrium market price occurs where the peripheral social cost of production exceeds the peripheral benefit to consumers and there is a reduction in economic surplus.Economic efficiency would be increased if less of the good or service were produced. When there is a arrogant externality, the market demand curve understates the social benefits from consumption of a good, and the demand curve that reflects the social benefits of this good would lie to the right of the market demand curve. At the equilibrium point, the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost and a deadweight loss results. Because of t he collateral externality, too elfin of the good is produced.Negative and constructive externalities lead to market reverse delinquent to the absence of private billet rights for visible attribute (for example, a store or factory) or intangible assets (for example, for a new idea to ameliorate a production process). Market failure may also result from the difficulty of enforcing private property rights (for example, lax government enforcement of copyright laws). Most of the time, the governments of the United States and other high income nations provide adequate enforcement of property rights, but in certain situations, these rights do not exist or cannot be legally enforced.When private solutions to externalities are not feasible, government intervention is justified. For example, by imposing a tax equal to the external costs that result from production of a good, government can â€Å"internalize” the externality. This causes the social, not just the private, cost of production to be borne by producers. In effect, the supply curve for the good shifts to the left. This supply curve would so cross the demand curve at a higher equilibrium price and lower equilibrium quantity. When production of a good produces a positive externality, government can internalize the externality by providing a subsidy to consumers.If the subsidy is equal to the think of of the externality, this has the effect of shifting the demand curve for the good to the right; market equilibrium is arrive atd at the economically efficient level with a higher price and quantity. To reduce befoulment, governments have often used a â€Å" program line and control” address path. This may involve government imposition of quantitative limits on tot ups of pollution firms can emit or the installation of specific pollution control devices. An exception to the neglect and control flak was the U. S. overnment’s attempt to reduce cutting come down pollution. In the Clean Air Act passed by Congress in 1990, a reduction in reciprocal ohm dioxide emissions, a major cause of acid rain down, from electric utilities was mandated. To achieve this goal, utilities were allowed to buy and sell emissions allowances. apiece allowance is equal to one ton of process dioxide. So long as the chalk up keep down of emissions does not exceed an annual mandated maximum numerate (by 2010 this amount will be 8. 5 million tons), firms can emit south dioxide in amounts equal to their allowances.Firms that face high costs of reducing sulfur dioxide have an incentive to buy more allowances than they have been allocated. Utilities that can reduce their emissions at low cost have an incentive to do so and sell some of their allowances. This program has achieved emissions reductions at much lower costs than had been expected in 1990. The success of the sulfur dioxide program has led some to suggest that a similar program be used by the United States and other nati ons to reduce emissions of so-called â€Å" babys room gases” that contribute to global warming. . Learning Objectives Students should be able to: •Understand the beliefs of consumer surplus and producer surplus. •Understand the concept of economic efficiency, and use a graph to exemplify how economic efficiency is reduced when a market is not in militant equilibrium. •Use demand and supply graphs to analyze the economic impact of price ceilings and floors. •Identify examples of positive and negative externalities and use graphs to presentation how externalities affect economic efficiency. Analyze government policies to achieve economic efficiency in a market with an externality. 3. Chapter Outline Should the Government Control Apartment bloods? 1. strike control is an example of government regulation of prices. Rent controls (a type of price ceiling) exist in about 200 cities in the United States. Although the rules that govern rent control are c omplex and vary by city, rent control drives up the demand and price for apartments not subject to the controls. Consumer intemperance and Producer Surplus 1.Consumer surplus is the difference between the highest price a consumer is impulsive and able to pay and the price the consumer in reality pays. 2. Producer surplus is the difference between the last(a) price a firm would have been willing and able to accept and the price it actually receives. A. Consumer and producer surplus represent the net benefits consumers and producers receive from buying and selling a good or service in a market. B. Price ceilings and price floors reduce the economic surplus (this is consumer surplus plus producer surplus in a abandoned market).C. marginal benefit is the benefit to a consumer from consuming one more unit of a good or service. D. The height of a market demand curve at a given quantity measures the marginal benefit to someone from consuming that quantity. Consumer surplus references to the difference between this marginal benefit and the market price the consumer pays. E. fundamental consumer surplus is the difference between marginal benefit and price for all quantities bought by consumers; this is shown in a demand curve as the stadium below the demand curve and above the market price.F. Marginal cost is the additional cost to a firm of producing one more unit of a good or service. G. The height of a market supply curve at a given quantity measures the marginal cost of the last unit produced for the producer. Producer surplus refers to the difference between this marginal cost and the market price the producer receives. H. Total producer surplus equals the difference between marginal cost and price for all quantities sold by producers. The Efficiency of Competitive Markets 1.When equilibrium is reached in a competitive market, the marginal benefit from the last unit sold will equal the marginal cost of producing that last unit. This is an economically effi cient import. A. If less than the equilibrium output were produced, the marginal benefit of the last unit bought would exceed its marginal cost. B. If more than equilibrium quantity were produced, the marginal benefit of this last unit would be less than its marginal (opportunity) cost. C. Economic surplus is the sum of consumer and producer surplus.Economic surplus, or the net benefit to party from the production of a good or service, is maximized at equilibrium in a competitive market (when there are no externalities). D. A deadweight loss is the reduction in economic surplus resulting from a market not being in competitive equilibrium. E. Economic efficiency is a market outcome in which the marginal benefit to consumers of the last unit produced is equal to its marginal cost of production, and where the sum of consumer and producer surplus is at a maximum. Government interference in the Market: Price Floors and Price Ceilings 1.Though the total benefit to society is maximized at a competitive market equilibrium, individual consumers would be better off if they could pay a lower than equilibrium price, and individual producers would be better off if they could sell at a higher than equilibrium price. 2. Consumers and producers sometimes lobby government to legally require a market price different from the equilibrium price. These lobbying efforts are sometimes successful. 3. Price floors were established in agricultural markets during the Great Depression in response to pleas from farmers who could sell their product only at low prices.A. A price floor is a legally determined minimum price that sellers may receive. B. A price floor encourages producers to produce more output than consumers want to buy at the floor price. C. The surplus (equal to the quantity supplied disconfirming the quantity demanded at the floor price) that results from a price floor is typically bought and stored by the government. D. The marginal cost of the last unit produced excee ds its marginal benefit and there is a deadweight loss which reflects a decline in efficiency due to the price floor. 4.A price ceiling is a legally determined maximum price that sellers may charge. A. Price ceilings are meant to help consumers who may lobby for a price ceiling afterwards a sharp increase in the price of an item on which they spend a remarkable amount of their budgets (for example, rent and energy). B. At the ceiling price, the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied so that the marginal benefit of the last item sold (the quantity supplied) exceeds the marginal cost of producing it. C. Price ceilings result in a deadweight loss and a reduction of economic efficiency.D. Price ceilings create incentives for black markets. A black market refers to buying and selling at prices that violate government price regulations. Externalities and Efficiency 1. An externality is a benefit or cost that affects someone who is not directly involved in the production or consumption of a good or service. A. Positive externalities refer to benefits received from a good or service by consumers who do not pay for them. B. Negative externalities refer to costs incurred by individuals from a good or service for which no one pays.C. A private cost is a cost borne by the producer of a good or service. D. A social cost is the total cost of production, including two the private cost and any external cost. E. A private benefit is the benefit received by the consumer of a good or service. F. A social benefit is the total benefit from consuming a good, including both the private benefit and any external benefit. G. A negative externality causes the social cost of production for a good or service to be greater than the private cost. As a result, more han the economically efficient level of output is produced. H. A positive externality causes the social benefit from the production of a good or service to be greater than the private benefit. As a result, less than the economically efficient level of output is produced. A. Market failure refers to situations where the market fails to produce the efficient level of output. B. Figure 4-9 illustrates the effect of acid rain on the market for electricity and the deadweight loss that occurs due to a negative externality. C.Figure 4-10 illustrates the impact of a positive externality in the market for a college reading and the deadweight loss caused by this externality. 3. In the absence of private solutions to externalities, government intervention is warranted. To achieve economic efficiency, governments may intervene in different ways. A. To reduce pollution, â€Å"command and control” policies have often been employed. A command and control approach refers to government-imposed quantitative limits on the amount of pollution firms are allowed to generate, or government-required installation by firms of specific pollution control devices.B. Since 1990, a market-based approach to redu cing sulfur dioxide emissions from electric utilities has reduced emissions at much lower cost than was expected. The success of this approach has led economists to advocate more extensive use of market-based approaches, and less use of command and control policies, to reduce other forms of pollution. Homework Problems †Not to be submitted: 1. From the suss out Questions: Try all of them! 2. From the Problems and Applications: #s: 3, 4, 5, 16, and 20. 3. From the APPENDIX: limited review QUESTIONS #S 3 AND 4.\r\n'

'The Company Man Essay\r'

'In her article â€Å"The participation Man,” Ellen Goodman uses stereotypes about an average man to convey her posture towards Phil. Phil is a character who works himself to death in his corporate job. Goodman reveals in her article that in install to be a â€Å"company man,” Phil sacrifices his everyday life. Ellen Goodman uses style, phrase structure, and mental picture to create a execrable tone in her essay â€Å"The Company Man.”Ellen Goodman uses phraseology to appeal to the lecturers’ sensation to create a piteous attitude. When Goodman states, â€Å"… he continuously ate egg salad sandwiches,” makes Phil sounds boring, but makes the reader qualitying a little sympathy for Phil wishing had a little fun in life. In the enactment she would call him a workaholic or say that he had no outside interests. Once again, Goodman’s diction is making the reader feel sympathy for Phil non having a fun filled life. The way that Goodman uses diction ties in well with her essay.Also, Ellen Goodman uses characterization to appeal to the readers’ emotion to create a piteous attitude. In this pass she calls Phil a workaholic. She calls him this because he works six age a week, even on his off day. This shows Ellen Goodman’s her blessing and sympathetic tone. She tries to convince her auditory sense that feel was a good unwearying man.Ellen Goodman also uses syntax to appeal to the readers’ emotion to create a piteous attitude. Ellen Goodman states, â€Å"Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.” This shows some pity that she had for him because of his condition. Also Ellen Goodman also states, â€Å"At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company professorship told the forty-eight-year-old widow…” This also shows her pity by putt the age in the passage so the reader can have sympathy.Ellen Goodman appeals to the readers’ emotions by using rhetorical d evices such as syntax, diction, and characterization to create a piteous attitude towards Phil. Ellen Goodman is trying to get her audience to see that men, especially Phil, are good hardworking people.\r\n'

'The Official Language of the United States\r'

'Do you hump what the ex officio lyric of the unify States is? If you answered English, guess again. But beginner’t feel bad, the vast majority of mountain would answer that English is the semi formalized linguistic communication of the United States of America. English is the de facto language since, at this point, it is the most astray talk language in the nation. But Spanish is catching up millions Hispanics speaking their native language at home, at work, and on their daily lives.\r\nThis brings some other point: Why is the U. S. an English-speaking country (or so you think), catering not only to the Spanish language, only if to legion(predicate) others that you don’t even know about? Because the U. S. as a nation has never decl atomic number 18d an official language. M any people own tried it with no success. In 1780, John Adams proposed to the Continental Congress that English should be decl ard the official language of the United States. His proposa l was deemed â€Å"undemocratic and a threat to individual liberty. ” This type of debate has been deprivation on for years, with people on both sides of the fence.\r\nAnd yet, the cut down isnt any closer to a resolution than it was two hundred years ago. This doesn’t mean that the individual states devote not declared an official language because many already support. Twenty-seven states, to be exact, discombobulate formally declared English as their language. U. S. English . gov allow’s not forget that since 1776 we have beenâ€and pertain to beâ€a multilingual nation. Back then, it wasn’t uncommon to hear up to 20 divers(prenominal) languages spoken in daily life. Today, those numbers are more staggering.\r\nAccording to U. S. English Inc. an advocacy host that supports declaring English as our official language, 322 languages are spoken in the country, with 24 of those spoken in each state and the District of Columbia. California has the most languages, with 207, period Wyoming has the fewest with 56. So why won’t Congress declare an official language? Because we are a nation of immigrants and these numbers prove it. Because declaring an official language would abridge the rights of individuals with limited English proficiency, individuals who are paying taxes and who are entitled to the same rights as those who speak English.\r\nTo protect those rights, there is something called Title VI of the complaisant Rights deed of 1964. Although twenty seven states have declared English as their official language, in order to receive federal financial aid those states still have to comply with Title VI, which call fors that bouncy materials be available in the language of every(prenominal)one receiving benefits support by the Federal Government. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the 2000 Executive Order No. 3166 require that public entities receiving federal funds must have all vital documents a vailable in every language that their clients speak; every language, not unspoiled Spanish.\r\nWhy? Because the U. S. has never declared an official language and as such, the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 still applies. Basically, Title VI was best draw by President John F. Kennedy in 1963: â€Å" round-eyed justice requires that public funds, to which all taxpayers of all races [colors, and subject field origins] contribute, not be spent in any fashion which encourages, entrenches, subsidizes or results in racial [color or national origin] discrimination. ”\r\n'

'Mardi Gras\r'

'Mardi Gras The run forwards the fast | | â€Å"Mardi Gras” authority â€Å" generative Tues twenty-four hourstime. ” Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to foul upâ€and often gorgeâ€before Ash Wednesday starts the dismal weeks of temperance that come with Lent. formally cognize as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has foresightful been a time of high-spirited shimmer for European Christians. In the united States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to new-sprung(prenominal) siege of siege of Orleans each year.Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with dissemble balls and flashy exposes, since French settlers arrived in the untimely 1700s. Hidden git masks, masses be filmd so rowdily that for decades in the too shortly nineteenth degree centigrade masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving metropolis. Masks, Music, and havoc French royals, feather-coered showgirls, vitalizer bunnies, motley clowns, masked lionsâ€you cease look them all (and unconditioned others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras.By dawn on that nigh famous Tuesday, pile hit claimed the best sight on the streets to watch fabulous flubs, direful performers, and visiting celebrities go by. most travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. march bands, nigh of them founded to a greater extent than a degree centigrade ago, also charge to the streets with medication and festive dress. They afford the day by spread complete music through with(predicate) the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 habilitate paraders take over the scene.Crazy costumes and fantastic make-up ar the parliamentary procedure of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. power’s legal profession In some countries, King’s Cake †which is a miscellany determine purple, green, and gold streak †is eaten for half dozen weeks. The customal Mardi gras int ellectual nourishment ordinarily has a frustrate savior baked into it, and whoever have the plot with the figurine is believed to have keen luck for the serenity of the year. show FloatsThe tradition of floats handing press come on to Parade onlookers started in reincarnation Europe. Back then, parade participants sure ale, meat, and even grain. straight off it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. form Necklaces The tradition of throwing bead necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the crowd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is know for today.\r\nMardi Gras\r\nMardi Gras The feast before the fast | | â€Å"Mardi Gras” means â€Å"Fat Tuesday. ” Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to indulgeâ€and often overindulgeâ€before Ash Wednesday starts the sober weeks of fasting that come with Lent. Formally know n as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has long been a time of extravagant fun for European Christians. In the United States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to New Orleans every year.Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with masked balls and colourful parades, since French settlers arrived in the early 1700s. Hidden behind masks, people behaved so raucously that for decades in the early 19th century masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving city. Masks, Music, and Mayhem French royals, feather-covered showgirls, Energizer bunnies, painted clowns, masked lionsâ€you can find them all (and countless others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras.By dawn on that most famous Tuesday, people have claimed the best spots on the streets to watch fabulous floats, outrageous performers, and visiting celebrities go by. Many travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. Marching bands, some of them founded more than a century ago, also take t o the streets with music and festive dress. They open the day by spreading jazz music through the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 costumed paraders take over the scene.Crazy costumes and wild make-up are the order of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. King’s Cake In some countries, King’s Cake †which is a wreath shaped purple, green, and gold cake †is eaten for six weeks. The traditional Mardi gras food usually has a baby Jesus baked into it, and whoever eats the piece with the figurine is believed to have good luck for the rest of the year. Parade FloatsThe tradition of floats handing stuff out to Parade onlookers started in Renaissance Europe. Back then, parade participants received ale, meat, and even grain. Now it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. Beaded Necklaces The tradition of throwing beaded necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the cr owd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is known for today.\r\n'